Table 8 Comparison of non-pharmacologic pain management techniques used in the APS and control groups (N = 347)
From: Acute Pain Services and pain-related patient-reported outcomes in Hungarian hospitals
Non-pharmacologic pain management techniques | APS group (n = 120) | Control group (n = 227) |
|---|---|---|
Cold poultice | 65.8% (79) | 30.4% (69) |
Heat treatment | 0.8% (1) | 0.9% (2) |
Deep breathing | 17.5% (21) | 19.2% (18) |
Distraction | 17.5% (21) | 12.3% (28) |
Imagery or visualization | - | 1.8% (4) |
Massage | 1.6% (2) | 0.9% (2) |
Meditation | 1.6% (2) | 3.1% (7) |
Relaxation | 2.5% (3) | 3.1% (7) |
Physical activity/walking | 15.8% (19) | 5.7% (13) |
Hearing music | 9.2% (11) | 9.3% (21) |
Praying | 12.5% (15) | 7.1% (16) |
Other | 1.8% (2) | 2.7% (6) |