Table 1 Patient characteristics

N (%)

43 (71.7)

17 (28.3)

–

Male sex

42 (97.7)

14 (82.3)

0.03

Age at enrollment, years

68 [60–74]

66 [47–72]

0.38

Body mass index, kg/m²

27 [25–31]

25 [22–30]

0.07

Body weight, kg

80 [75–91]

70 [65–85]

0.03

Smokers

23 (53.5)

7 (41.2)

0.29

Medical conditions

Diabetes mellitus

13 (30.2)

4 (23.5)

0.60

Hypertension

25 (58.1)

6 (35.3)

0.11

Dyslipidemia

17 (39.5)

8 (47.1)

0.59

Angina

13 (30.2)

5 (29.4)

0.95

Peripheral artery disease

4 (9.3)

1 (5.9)

0.66

Left ventricle ejection fraction, %

65 [57–72]

60 [59–73]

0.71

Preoperative atrial fibrillation

9 (20.9)

1 (5.9)

0.16

Preoperative laboratory parameters

Cockcroft creatinine clearance, ml/min

103 [84–131]

111 [86–135]

0.47

Preoperative platelet count, G/l

215 [191–260]

245 [209–297]

0.17

Preoperative hemoglobinemia, g/dl

14.3 [13.7–15.3]

14.6 [13.4–15.2]

0.71

Preoperative CRP rate, mg/l*

4.6 [4.1–5.3]

4.1 [4–4]

0.39

Preoperative medications

Beta-blocker

30 (69.8)

11 (64.7)

0.70

ACE inhibitor or ARB

28 (65.1)

10 (58.8)

0.65

Antiplatelet therapy

30 (69.8)

11 (64.7)

0.70

Aspirin therapy

29 (67.4)

11 (64.7)

0.84

Dual antiplatelet therapy

16 (37.2)

5 (29.4)

0.57

Calcium channel blocker

6 (13.9)

2 (11.8)

0.82

Anticoagulant

9 (20.9)

1 (5.9)

0.16

Statin therapy

29 (67.4)

11 (64.7)

0.84

Elective CABG

22 (51.1)

8 (47.1)

0.95

Elective valvular surgery

21 (48.8)

9 (52.9)

0.77

EuroSCORE II

0.8 [0.7–1.2]

0.8 [0.6–0.9]

0.27

Cleveland Clinic Score

1.0 [0–1.0]

1.0 [0–1.5]

0.80

Intraoperative confounders

Duration of surgery, min

197 [181–254]

199 [141–242]

0.27

Duration of aortic clamping, min

75 [54–103]

57 [54–79]

0.16

Duration of CPB, min

101 [73–125]

83 [71–91]

0.08

Intraoperative norepinephrine, µg/kg/min (dose by weight by duration of CPB), n = 41

0.150 [0.095–0.265]

0.156 [0.054–0.213]

0.393