Table 2 Characteristics of patients completed a prehabilitation program
| Â | 52 participants |
|---|---|
Age (years), mean (SD) | 71.9 (6.8) |
Gender male, n (%) | 34 (65.4) |
Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 62.7 (12.1) |
Height (cm), mean (SD) | 161.1 (8.0) |
BMI (kg m−2), mean (SD) | 24.1 (4.1) |
Smoking status, n (%) | |
 Non-smoker | 29 (55.8) |
 Ex-smoker > 1 year | 15 (28.8) |
 Active smoker | 8 (15.4) |
Comorbidities, n (%) | |
 Hypertension | 35 (67.3) |
 Diabetes mellitus | 29 (55.8) |
 Asthma/COPD | 4 (7.7) |
 Ischaemic heart disease | 6 (11.5) |
 Atrial fibrillation | 6 (11.5) |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 3 (5.8) |
 Renal impairment | 8 (15.4) |
Clinical Frailty Scale, n (%) | |
 CFS 2 | 4 (7.7) |
 CFS 3 | 32 (61.5) |
 CFS 4 | 13 (25.0) |
 CFS 5 | 3 (5.8) |
ASA-PS, n (%) | |
 ASA I | 1 (1.9) |
 ASA II | 27 (51.9) |
 ASA III | 23 (44.2) |
 ASA IV | 1 (1.9) |
Type of surgery, n (%) | |
 Hepatobiliary | 27 (51.9) |
 Upper gastrointestinal | 8 (15.4) |
 Colorectal | 13 (15.0) |
 Urology | 4 (7.7) |