Table 1 Baseline characteristics of surgical cohort and proportion of diabetes

Number of subjects, no., %

290,306, 100.00%

266,563, 91.82%

23,743, 8.18%

4569, 1.57%

19,071, 6.57%

44, 0.02%

Mean DAH30, days

24.16

24.40

21.41

21.53

21.37

18.61

31-day-1-year mortality, no., %

14,191, 4.89%

11,867, 4.45%

2324, 9.79%

451, 9.87%

1862, 9.76%

6, 13.64%

P value, mortality

–

–

 < 0.001*

 < 0.001*

 < 0.001*

 < 0.001*

ASA class 1, %

29.55%

32.07%

1.33%

2.04%

1.15%

2.27%

ASA class 2, %

43.71%

44.22%

37.97%

39.88%

37.56%

27.27%

ASA class 3, %

24.61%

21.86%

55.40%

52.90%

55.99%

54.55%

ASA class 4, %

2.13%

1.84%

5.30%

5.19%

5.30%

15.91%

Women, %

55.26%

56.16%

45.13%

45.72%

44.98%

54.55%

Acute surgery, %

31.09%

30.84%

33.91%

38.52%

32.80%

50.00%

Cancer surgery, %

21.02%

20.94%

21.93%

15.08%

23.57%

13.64%

Top 3 most common surgery types, %

Orthopedic, 31.65%; abdominal, 19.58%; urologic, 10.15%

Orthopedic, 31.30%; abdominal, 19.77%; urologic, 9.98%

Orthopedic, 35.58%; abdominal, 17.46%; urologic 12.05%

Orthopedic, 36.18%; abdominal, 15.25%; vascular 8.78%

Orthopedic, 35.45%; abdominal, 17.96%; urologic, 12.87%

Orthopedic, 40.91%; abdominal, 11.36%; urologic, 11.36%

Top 3 most common comorbidities, %

Cardiovascular, 23.87%; arrhythmic, 13.59%; cardiac, 6.66%

Cardiovascular, 19.93%; arrhythmic, 12.12%; lung, 5.78%

Cardiovascular, 68.18%; arrhythmic, 30.02%; cardiac, 19.26%

Cardiovascular, 59.68%; renal, 24.44%; arrhythmic, 24.03%

Cardiovascular, 70.16%; arrhythmic, 31.33%; cardiac, 19.67%

Cardiovascular, 75.00%; renal, 38.64%; arrhythmic or cardiac, 34.09% each

Age, mean ± SD

60.13 ± 18.87

59.31 ± 19.06

69.37 ± 19.06

61.82 ± 18.89

71.16 ± 19.03

68.61 ± 14.49