Table 1 Preoperative demographic and clinical characteristics

Total participants

358

Age (mean, SD)

57.13

14.43

Sex (n, %)

 Male

199

55.6%

 Female

159

44.4%

Race/ethnicity (n, %)

 Black or African American

20

5.6%

 White

317

88.5%

 Hispanic

28

7.8%

 Others

21

5.9%

Respiratory diseases (n, %)

 COPD

21

5.9%

 Home oxygen use

0

0.0%

 Asthma

37

10.3%

 Daily inhaled corticosteroids

10

2.8%

 Albuterol, PRN, or daily

28

7.8%

 Restrictive lung disease

3

0.8%

OSA (n, %)

55

15.4%

Stop BANG score recorded (n, %)

334

93.3%

 Snore

109

32.6%

 Tired during day

70

21.0%

 Stop breathing while sleeping

46

13.8%

 Hypertension

174

52.1%

Total score (n, %)

 0

103

30.8%

 1

122

36.5%

 2

62

18.6%

 3–4

47

14.1%

Tobacco Hx (n, %)

 Never

159

44.4%

 Current

41

11.5%

 Previous

158

44.1%

Congestive heart failure (n, %)

10

2.8%

Hypertension (n, %)

180

50.3%

Diabetes (n, %)

52

14.5%

GFR < 60 (n, %)

58

16.2%

Chronic opioid use (n, %)

42

11.7%

Functional status (n, %)^a

  < 4 METS

2

0.6%

  ≥ 4 METS

315

88.0%

 Limited by pain/disability

41

11.5%