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Table 2 Intraoperative profiles

From: The effect of restrictive vs. liberal fluid protocols on ocular parameters in patients undergoing prone spine surgery: a randomized controlled trial

 

Liberal fluid infusion group (PPV target 6–9%) (n=48)

Restrictive fluid infusion group (PPV target 13–16%) (n=49)

Anaesthesia time (min)

181±29

178±23

Operation time (min)

139±27

135±22

Prone time (min)

154±28

149±23

End-tidal sevoflurane concentration (%)

2.0±0.3

1.9±0.4

Fluid infusion

 Baseline (ml)

211±40

203±38

 Number of boluses (n)

7±2

5±2^^^

 Total bolus volume (ml)

1747±517

1099±395^^^

 Blood loss (ml)

150±67

162±70

 Urine output (ml)

302±163

163±63 ^^^

 Body temperature (°C)

36.5±0.2

36.5±0.3

PPV (%)

 Baseline

14±2

15±2

 Intraoperative time-weighted average

8±1***

14±1^^^

Haematocrit (%)

 Baseline before anaesthesia

39.9±1.1

40.2±1.6

During anaesthesia

 1 h

36.2±1.0***

37.1±1.2***^

 2 h

35.6±1.1***

36.9±1.1***^^

End of surgery

35.4±1.3***

36.8±1.1***^^

PaO2 (mmHg)

 Baseline before anaesthesia

85.1±9.7

85.9±11.2

During anaesthesia

 1 h

297.1±63.4***

297.6±55.9***

 2 h

294.4±61.9***

300.8±49.8***

End of surgery

290.5±60.2***

292.8±46.4***

PaCO2 (mmHg)

 Baseline before anaesthesia

36.3±2.4

36.1±2.4

During anaesthesia

 1 h

36.9±2.4

37.3±1.5**

 2 h

37.0±2.0

36.6±1.1

End of surgery

37.2±1.3 **

36.3±1.4

Lactate (mmol•L–1)

 Baseline before anaesthesia

0.9±0.2

0.8±0.3

During anaesthesia

 1 h

1.2±0.2***

1.1±0.3***

 2 h

1.2±0.2***

1.1±0.3***

End of surgery

1.2±0.2***

1.1±0.3***

Patients needed vasopressors (n)

39

40

Total ephedrine dose (mg)

3±4

3±3

Total phenylephrine dose (μg)

29±36

36±39

  1. Data are presented as mean±standard deviation or n (proportion)
  2. PPV pulse pressure variation
  3. *p<0.05 compared to baseline, **p<0.01 compared to baseline, ***p<0.001 compared to baseline
  4. ^p<0.05 compared to the liberal fluid infusion group, ^^p<0.01 compared to the liberal fluid infusion group, ^^^p<0.001 compared to the liberal fluid infusion group