Variables | No adverse outcomes (n = 184) | Adverse outcomes (n = 159) | P values |
---|---|---|---|
Male/female, n (%) | 88 (47.8)/96 (52.2) | 70 (44.0)/89 (56.0) | 0.481 |
Left/right femur, n (%) | 94 (51.1)/90 (48.9) | 78 (49.1)/81 (50.9) | 0.708 |
Age, years, mean (range) | 60 (43.25–71) | 70 (60–81) | < 0.001 |
Weight, kg, mean (range) | 55 (50–62) | 55 (50–60) | 0.259 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 45 (24.5) | 74 (46.5) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 12 (6.5) | 18 (11.3) | 0.117 |
Combined injuries, n (%) | 112 (43.1) | 47 (56.6) | 0.031 |
Aetiology, n (%) | |||
Sprain or tumble | 142 (77.2) | 123 (77.4) | 0.968 |
RTA, falls or assaults | 42 (22.8) | 36 (22.6) | |
Fracture site, n (%) | |||
Proximal femoral fracture | 140 (76.1) | 117 (73.6) | 0.493 |
Femoral shaft fracture | 39 (21.2) | 40 (25.2) | |
Distal femoral fracture | 5 (2.7) | 2 (1.3) | |
Time to admission, n (%) | |||
1: Within 24 h | 127 (69.0) | 81 (50.9) | 0.002 |
2: 2–3 days | 17 (9.2) | 24 (15.1) | |
3: 4–7 days | 14 (7.6) | 19 (11.9) | |
4: 8–21 days | 12 (6.5) | 26 (16.4) | |
5: ≥ 22 days | 14 (7.6) | 9 (5.7) | |
ASA, n (%) | |||
I | 4 (2.2) | 2 (1.3) | < 0.001 |
II | 157 (85.3) | 106 (66.7) | |
III | 23 (12.5) | 50 (31.4) | |
IV | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) | |
Surgeons, n (%) | |||
Surgeon A | 28 (15.2) | 22 (13.8) | 0.161 |
Surgeon B | 38 (20.7) | 21 (13.2) | |
Surgeon C | 22 (12.0) | 18 (11.3) | |
Surgeon D | 27 (14.7) | 22 (13.8) | |
Surgeon E | 31 (16.8) | 32 (20.1) | |
Surgeon F | 13 (7.1) | 17 (10.7) | |
Surgeon G | 18 (9.8) | 11 (6.9) | |
Surgeon H | 7 (3.8) | 16 (10.1) | |
Operation types, n (%) | |||
Hemi/total-hip hip replacement | 73 (39.7) | 43 (27.0) | 0.014 |
Internal fixation | 111 (60.3) | 116 (73.0) | |
Anaesthesia methods, n (%) | |||
General anaesthesia | 47 (25.5) | 35 (22.0) | 0.445 |
Non-general anaesthesia | 137 (74.5) | 124 (78.0) | |
Postoperative analgesic methods, n (%) | |||
No postoperative analgesia | 9 (4.9) | 4 (2.5) | 0.315 |
PCIA | 123 (66.8) | 101 (63.5) | |
PCEA | 52 (28.3) | 54 (34.0) | |
Duration of anaesthesia, min, mean (range) | 180 (140–225) | 180 (149–230) | 0.323 |
Duration of surgery, min, mean (range) | 111 (80–153.5) | 110 (80–155) | 0.914 |
Blood transfusion, n (%) | 61 (33.2) | 87 (54.7) | < 0.001 |
Intra-blood loss, × 102 ml, mean (range) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 0.052 |
Intra-crystal liquids, × 102 ml, mean (range) | 8.5 (6–11) | 7.5 (6–11) | 0.662 |
Intra-colloidal liquids, × 102 ml, mean (range) | 5 (5–7.5) | 5 (5–10) | 0.983 |
Postoperative hospital stay, days, mean (range) | 6 (4–7) | 7 (5–9) | < 0.001 |
Blood test at admission | |||
ALB, g/l, mean ± SD | 38 ± 3.91 | 34.48 ± 4.34 | < 0.001 |
PAb, mg/l, mean (range) | 191 (154–229.5) | 158 (126–194) | < 0.001 |
Hb, g/l, mean ± SD | 120.02 ± 18.96 | 108.24 ± 20.99 | < 0.001 |
GLB, g/l, mean (range) | 27.15 (23.35–29.95) | 27.70 (24.90–30.80) | 0.110 |
LYM count, × 109/l, mean (range) | 1.30 (0.98–1.68) | 1.12 (0.87–1.50) | 0.004 |
NEUT count, × 109/l, mean (range) | 5.52 (4.31–7.16) | 4.97 (3.92–6.43) | 0.035 |
NLR, mean (range) | 4.21 (2.96–6.09) | 4.71 (3.27–7.20) | 0.150 |
PNI, mean ± SD | 44.54 ± 5.05 | 39.30 ± 4.99 | < 0.001 |
Blood test at 1 day postoperatively | |||
ALB, g/l, mean (range) | 29.2 (27.2–32.58) | 27.4 (24.6–29.3) | < 0.001 |
PAb, mg/l, mean (range) | 104 (75–147) | 86 (66–114) | < 0.001 |
Hb, g/l, mean (range) | 91 (78–99.75) | 83 (72–93) | < 0.001 |
GLB, g/l, mean (range) | 22.70 (19.20–25.28) | 21.40 (19.10–24.00) | 0.045 |
LYM count, × 109/l, mean (range) | 0.84 (0.67–1.14) | 0.73 (0.53–0.97) | 0.001 |
NEUT count, × 109/L, mean (range) | 7.81 (5.92–10.01) | 8.40 (6.60–11.41) | 0.026 |
NLR, mean (range) | 9.06 (5.86–13.49) | 10.20 (8.07–14.86) | 0.001 |
PNI, mean (range) | 34.15 (31.55–37.61) | 31.70 (29.05–34.20) | < 0.001 |
Blood test before discharge | |||
ALB, g/l, mean ± SD | 32.75 ± 3.44 | 32.32 ± 4.14 | 0.293 |
PAb, mg/l, mean (range) | 112.5 (86.25–160) | 104 (80–141) | 0.028 |
Hb, g/l, mean (range) | 93 (83–102.75) | 91 (82–100) | 0.129 |
GLB, g/l, mean (range) | 24.50 (21.73–27.30) | 24.20 (22.10–27.90) | 0.614 |
LYM count, × 109/L, mean (range) | 1.04 (0.81–1.41) | 1.04 (0.71–1.33) | 0.140 |
NEUT count, × 109/L, mean (range) | 5.76 (4.36–7.30) | 5.31 (4.17–7.21) | 0.431 |
NLR, mean (range) | 5.29 (3.72–8.08) | 5.56 (3.78–8.29) | 0.440 |
PNI, mean (range) | 37.83 (34.75–41.05) | 37.05 (33.85–41.60) | 0.152 |