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Table 3 Postoperative data related to pain and mobilization

From: Sufentanil sublingual tablet system for enhanced recovery after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective observational case study

 

IV-morphine group (n = 15)

SL-sufentanil group (n = 15)

p

Total of IV morphine equivalents consumed (PACU and ward)

13 [8.5–19]

40 [9.5–70]

0.03

 Morphine equivalents consumed in the PACU

6 [0–8]

2.5 [2.5–5]

0.93

 Morphine equivalents consumed in the ward (mg)

8 [3.8–13]

37.5 [11.3–58.8]

0.03

Opioid consumption in the PACU

 IV morphine or SSTS titration

12 (80%)

15 (100%)

0.22

 IV morphine titration

12 (75%)

4 (27%)

<0.01

 IV morphine dose (when received) (mg)

6.5 [5.5–8.5]

6 [3–7.5]

0.47

 SSTS titration

-

13 (100%)

-

 Number of requested bolus

-

1 [1–2]

-

 Number of received bolus

-

1 [1–2]

-

 Sublingual sufentanil (μg)

-

15 [15–30]

-

Opioid consumption in the surgical ward

 Total of requested bolus on PCA or SSTS

3 [2–9]

15 [4.5–25]

0.11

 Total of received bolus on PCA or SSTS

3 [2–10.5]

15 [4.5–23]

0.09

 Total of oxycodone tablets consumed

1 [0.5–2]

0 [0–0]

<0.01

 Total of IV morphine equivalents consumed (mg)

8 [3.8–13]

37.5 [11.3–58.8]

0.03

 Total of IV morphine (mg)

3 [2–10.5]

-

-

 Total of sublingual sufentanil (μg)

-

225 [67.5–345]

-

 Total of oral oxycodone (mg)

5 [2.5–10]

0 [0–0]

<0.01

Postoperative pain at rest

 NRS day 0

1.5 [1–2]

2 [1–3]

0.61

 NRS day 1

2 [1.6–3]

1.6 [1–2.6]

0.19

 NRS day 2

1 [0–2]

1.6 [0.3–3.7]

0.27

 NRS day 3

1.3 [0.5–2.2]

1.5 [0.3–2]

0.88

Postoperative pain on exertion

 NRS day 0

3 [2–6]

4 [1–6]

0.44

 NRS day 1

4 [3.8–5.3]

6 [4–7]

0.12

 NRS day 2

4 [2–6]

4 [3–6]

0.91

 NRS day 3

4 [2–6]

2 [1.3–4.8]

0.19

Opioid-related side effects

 Nausea and vomiting

4 (27%)

6 (40%)

0.70

 Constipation

2 (13%)

2 (13%)

1

Peripheral venous cannula withdrawn

 Day 0

0 (0%)

12 (80%)

<0.01

 Day 1

0 (0%)

15 (100%)

<0.01

 Day 2

7 (47%)

15 (100%)

<0.01

 Day 3

13 (87%)

14 (93%)

0.55

Flexion of the operated knee (degrees)

 Day 0

80 [80–80]

82 [78–86]

0.59

 Day 1

80 [60–90]

80 [60–90]

0.80

 Day 2

90 [80–95]

90 [80–90]

0.65

 Day 3

90 [87–90]

90 [86–90]

1

Length of stay in postanesthesia care unit (min)

137 [125–164]

133 [115–145]

0.48

Length of hospital stay (days)

4 [4–6]

5 [4.5–7]

0.34

  1. Values are medians [interquartiles 25–75%] or numbers (%)
  2. IV intravenous, NRS numerical rating scale of pain, PACU postanesthesia care unit, PCA patient-controlled analgesia system, SL sublingual, SSTS sufentanil sublingual tablet system