Table 1 Patient characteristics
From: Perioperative statin medication impairs pulmonary outcome after abdomino-thoracic esophagectomy
Variable | All patients | Propensity score-matched patients | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Statin ( −) patients (n = 91) | Statin ( +) patients (n = 26) | p value | psmStatin ( −) patients (n = 52) | psmStatin ( +) patients (n = 26) | p value | |
Type of statin [n] | - | - | - | - | ||
Lipophilic | ||||||
Simvastatin | 19 (73.1%) | 19 (73.1%) | ||||
Atorvastatin | 4 (15.4%) | 4 (15.4%) | ||||
Hydrophilic | ||||||
Pravastatin | 3 (11.5%) | 3 (11.5%) | ||||
Male gender [n] | 72 (79.1%) | 23 (88.5%) | 0.3970 | 39 (75.0%) | 23 (88.5%) | 0.2371 |
Age [years] | 64.0 (40.0–85.0) | 67.5 (53.0–86.0) | 0.0224 | 63.5 (40.0–85.0) | 67.5 (53.0–86.0) | 0.0536 |
BMI [kg/m2] | 24.2 (15.6–41.3) | 25.0 (20.3–37.6) | 0.0841 | 24.1 (16.0–41.3) | 25.0 (20.3–37.6) | 0.1407 |
ASA [median] | 2 (1–4) | 3 (2–4) | < 0.0001 | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 0.2336 |
1 [n] | 3 (3.3%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
2 [n] | 47 (51.6%) | 3 (11.5%) | 11 (21.2%) | 3 (11.5%) | ||
3 [n] | 39 (42.9%) | 21 (80.8%) | 39 (75.0%) | 21 (80.8%) | ||
4 [n] | 2 (2.2%) | 2 (7.7%) | 2 (3.8%) | 2 (7.7%) | ||
History of malignancy [n] | 14 (15.4%) | 6 (23.1%) | 0.3817 | 10 (19.2%) | 6 (23.1%) | 0.7690 |
Abuse [n] | ||||||
Alcohol | 19 (20.9%) | 5 (19.2%) | 1 | 11 (21.2%) | 5 (19.2%) | 1 |
Smoking | 33 (36.3%) | 12 (46.2%) | 0.3709 | 18 (34.6%) | 12 (46.2%) | 0.3365 |
Arterial hypertension [n] | 50 (54.9%) | 22 (84.6%) | 0.0062 | 34 (65.4%) | 22 (84.6%) | 0.1093 |
Coronary artery disease [n] | 10 (11.0%) | 10 (38.5%) | 0.0024 | 9 (17.3%) | 10 (38.5%) | 0.0524 |
Chronic lung disease [n] | 17 (20.9%) | 10 (38.5%) | 0.0617 | 12 (23.1%) | 10 (38.5%) | 0.1867 |
Chronic kidney failure [n] | 6 (6.6%) | 4 (15.4%) | 0.2259 | 5 (9.6%) | 4 (15.4%) | 0.4713 |
Previous abdominal surgery [n] | 28 (30.8%) | 5 (19.2%) | 0.3262 | 12 (23.1%) | 5 (19.2%) | 0.7783 |
Induction therapy [n] | 63 (69.2%) | 11 (42.3%) | 0.0199 | 36 (69.2%) | 11 (42.3%) | 0.0285 |
Indication [n] | ||||||
Malignancy | 0.9162 | 1 | ||||
Adenocarcinoma | 56 (61.5%) | 15 (57.7%) | 30 (57.7%) | 15 (57.7%) | ||
SCC | 31 (34.1%) | 10 (38.5%) | 20 (38.5%) | 10 (38.5%) | ||
Others | 4a (4.4%) | 1b (3.8%) | 2c (3.8%) | 1b (3.8%) | ||
Pathological tumor staged | ||||||
T 0 | 19e (21.6%) | 0 | 0.0084 | 11e (21.6%) | 0 | 0.0428 |
T 1 | 9 (10.2%) | 4 (16.0%) | 7 (13.7%) | 4 (16.0%) | ||
T 2 | 23 (26.1%) | 9 (36.0%) | 15 (29.4%) | 9 (36.0%) | ||
T 3 | 37 (42.1%) | 10 (40.0%) | 18 (35.3%) | 10 (40.0%) | ||
T 4 | 0 | 2 (8.0%) | 0 | 2 (8.0%) | ||
N 0 | 53 (58.2%) | 13 (50.0%) | 0.5055 | 30 (57.7%) | 13 (50.0%) | 0.6305 |
N + | 38 (41.8%) | 13 (50.0%) | 22 (42.3%) | 13 (50.0%) | ||
M + f | 5 (5.5%) | 1 (3.8%) | 1 | 4 (7.7%) | 1 (3.8%) | 0.6598 |