Table 1 Baseline characteristics and perioperative data

 Age (y)

70 (63–75)

67 (60–73)

67 (58–73)

0.007

 Female

61 (26.6%)

227 (22.9%)

35 (20.2%)

0.298

 Body mass index (kg/m²)

25.4 (23.2–27.8)

24.0 (22.0–26.2)

23.1 (20.8–25.2)

< 0.001

 Smoker

65 (28.4%)

311 (31.4%)

60 (34.7%)

0.401

 Hypertension

164 (71.6%)

614 (62.0%)

91 (52.6%)

<0.001

 Diabetes on insulin

33 (14.4%)

135 (13.6%)

21 (12.1%)

0.802

 Dyslipidaemia

72 (31.4%)

267 (26.9%)

39 (22.5%)

0.135

 Atrial fibrillation

16 (7.0%)

58 (5.9%)

10 (5.8%)

0.801

 Recent myocardial infarction^a

48 (21.0%)

148 (14.9%)

20 (11.6%)

0.023

 Congestive heart failure

17 (7.4%)

56 (5.7%)

16 (9.2%)

0.159

 Chronic lung disease

15 (6.6%)

38 (3.8%)

7 (4.0%)

0.186

 Extracardiac arteriopathy

46 (20.1%)

181 (18.3%)

33 (19.1%)

0.807

 Cerebrovascular disease

57 (24.9%)

225 (22.7%)

35 (20.2%)

0.543

 Previous cardiac surgery

3 (1.3%)

24 (2.4%)

2 (1.2%)

0.376

 Left ventricular systolic function

0.536

  Normal (EF > 50%)

155 (67.7%)

729 (73.6%)

122 (70.5%)

  Moderate (EF 31–50%)

54 (23.6%)

198 (20.0%)

38 (22.0%)

  Poor (EF 21–30%)

18 (7.9%)

52 (5.2%)

10 (5.8%)

  Very poor (EF ≤ 20%)

2 (0.9%)

12 (1.2%)

3 (1.7%)

 Pulmonary hypertension^b

41 (17.9%)

113 (11.4%)

15 (8.7%)

0.008

 Left main coronary artery disease

62 (27.1%)

254 (25.6%)

37 (21.4%)

0.399

 Renal impairment^c

0.444

  Normal (CC > 85 mL/min)

57 (24.9%)

245 (24.7%)

38 (22.0%)

  Moderate (CC 50–85 mL/min)

108 (47.2%)

485 (48.9%)

82 (47.4%)

  Severe (CC < 50 mL/min)

47 (20.5%)

191 (19.3%)

32 (18.5%)

  On dialysis regardless of CC

17 (7.4%)

70 (7.1%)

21 (12.1%)

  Haematocrit (%)

38 (5)

38 (4)

37 (4)

0.186

 Emergency

18 (7.9%)

38 (3.8%)

4 (2.3%)

0.010

 No. of coronary artery anastomoses

3 (3–4)

4 (3–4)

3 (3–4)

0.368

 Duration of surgery (min)

365 (317–400)

360 (325–395)

325 (295–370)

< 0.001