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Table 4 Survival. Association between overall survival and continuous or dichotomised preoperative variables, including Charlson Co-morbidity score, laboratory biomarkers and CPET-derived variables. Analysis was done using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis

From: Clinical covariates that improve surgical risk prediction and guide targeted prehabilitation: an exploratory, retrospective cohort study of major colorectal cancer surgery patients evaluated with preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing

Preoperative parameters

Dichotomised reference level

N

Hazard ratio or (1/hazard ratio)a

95%CI

P-value

A. Univariable Analysis

 Charlson Co-morbidity Risk Index

  i. Continuous

 

82

1.03

0.81, 1.32

0.810

  ii. Dichotomised

< 5

82

1.62

0.54, 4.84

0.380

 Laboratory parameters

  i. Continuous

   • Haemoglobin (g/l)

 

58

0.93, a1.08

0.89, 0.98

0.001

   • White cell count (× 109/l)

 

58

1.29

1.08, 1.55

0.012

   • Neutrophils (× 109/l)

 

58

1.36

1.10, 1.67

0.010

   • Albumin (g/l)

 

34

0.89, a1.12

0.80, 1.00

0.050

   • Modified (neutrophil-albumin) Glasgow Prognostic Score

 

34

3.16

1.21, 8.27

0.024

  ii. Dichotomised

Risk cut-point

    

   • Haemoglobin (g/l)

<110

58

0.232, a 4.31

0.06, 0.87

0.032

   • White Cell Count (× 109/l)

> 11

58

4.40

0.91, 21.30

0.110

   • Neutrophils (× 109/l)

> 7.5

58

6.79

1.68, 27.50

0.020

   • Platelets (× 109/l)

> 350

58

2.98

0.74, 11.90

0.150

   • Albumin (g/l)

< 35

34

0.22, a4.55

0.04, 1.12

0.051

  iii. Ratios

Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)

> 4

58

1.57

0.42, 5.84

0.510

Platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR)

> 160

58

0.92

0.23, 3.67

0.900

 CPET-derived parameters

  i. Continuous

   • Peak VO2 (ml/kg/min)

 

82

0.91, a1.10

0.80, 1.04

0.150

   • Peak VO2 (ml/min/m2) (× 100)

 

82

0.65, a1.54

0.45, 0.94

0.012

   • VO2 @ AT (ml/kg/min)

 

82

0.89, a1.12

0.72, 1.10

0.250

   • Ve/VCO2 @ AT

 

82

1.09

1.02, 1.15

0.014

   • PETCO2 @ AT (mmHg)

 

82

0.89, a1.12

0.82, 0.96

0.004

  ii. Dichotomised

Risk cut-point

    

   • Peak VO2 (ml/kg/min)

< 16

82

0.35, a 2.86

0.12, 1.00

0.049

   • Peak VO2 (ml/min/m2)

< 710

82

0.13, a7.70

0.03, 0.56

0.001

   • VO2 @ AT (ml/kg/min)

< 12

82

0.69, a1.45

0.23, 2.05

0.490

   • Ve/VCO2 @ AT

> 35

82

6.12

2.13, 17.50

0.001

   • PETCO2 @ AT (mmHg)

< 35

82

0.160, a6.25

0.05, 0.47

0.002

B. Bi-variable analysis

 • Haemoglobin (g/l)

  

0.94, a1.06

0.90, 0.99

0.017

 • Ve/VCO2 @ AT

>35

10

2.60

0.63, 11.00

0.180

 • Peak VO2 (ml/min/m2)

<710

42

0.18

0.04, 0.85

0.013

 • Ve/VCO2 @ AT

> 35

13

a5.56, 3.70

1.30, 11.00

0.020

 • Peak VO2 (ml/min/m2)

> 710

28

0.11, a9.09

0.01, 0.87

0.007

 • Neutrophils (× 109/l)

  

1.40

1.10, 1.70

0.008

  1. CPET, cardiopulmonary exercise testing; Peak VO2, maximum rate of oxygen consumption measured during incremental exercise; VO2 @ AT, oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold; Ve/VCO2, minute ventilation relative to carbon dioxide elimination; PETCO2 @ AT, partial pressure of end tidal carbon dioxide at anaerobic threshold
  2. aInverse of hazard ratio to show directional change related to overall survival relative to other variables
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Perioperative Medicine

ISSN: 2047-0525