Table 2 Postoperative complications. Association between the Comprehensive Composite Index (CCI) and continuous or dichotomised preoperative variables, including the Charlson Co-morbidity score, laboratory biomarkers, and CPET-derived variables. Analysis was done using linear regression analysis
Preoperative parameters | Dichotomised reference level | N | beta | 95%CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. Univariable analysis | |||||
 Charlson Co-morbidity Index | |||||
  i. Continuous |  | 79 | − 0.29 | − 2.24, 1.67 | 0.780 |
  ii. Dichotomised | < 5 | 79 | − 1.02 | − 9.67, 7.62 | 0.820 |
 Laboratory parameters | |||||
  i. Continuous | |||||
   • Haemoglobin (g/l) |  | 58 | − 0.31 | − 0.59, − 0.03 | 0.031 |
   • White cell count (× 109/l) |  | 58 | 2.46 | 0.52, 4.40 | 0.013 |
   • Neutrophils (× 109/l) |  | 58 | 3.17 | 0.87, 5.47 | 0.007 |
   • Albumin (g/l) |  | 34 | − 1.29 | − 2.18, − 0.41 | 0.004 |
   • Modified (neutrophil-albumin) Glasgow Prognostic Score |  | 34 | 12.00 | 4.32, 19.70 | 0.002 |
  ii. Dichotomised | Risk cut-point |  |  |  |  |
   • Haemoglobin (g/l) | < 110 | 58 | − 9.39 | − 21.40, 2.67 | 0.130 |
   • White Cell Count (× 109/l) | > 11 | 58 | 23.50 | 3.63, 43.30 | 0.020 |
   • Neutrophils (× 109/l) | > 7.5 | 58 | 26.10 | 8.66, 43.60 | 0.003 |
   • Platelets (× 109/l) | > 350 | 58 | 6.74 | − 8.42, 21.90 | 0.380 |
   • Albumin (g/l) | < 35 | 34 | − 12.2 | − 23.0, − 1.46 | 0.026 |
  iii. Ratios | |||||
   • Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | > 4 | 58 | 2.91 | − 0.80, 13.80 | 0.600 |
   • Platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) | > 160 | 58 | 3.15 | − 8.20, 14.50 | 0.590 |
 CPET-derived parameters | |||||
  i. Continuous | |||||
   • Peak VO2 (ml/kg/min) |  | 79 | − 0.74 | − 1.60, 0.12 | 0.090 |
   • Peak VO2 (ml/min/m2) (× 100) |  | 79 | − 2.63 | − 4.82, − 0.44 | 0.019 |
   • VO2 @ AT (ml/kg/min) |  | 79 | − 0.50 | − 1.93, 0.93 | 0.490 |
   • Ve/VCO2 @ AT |  | 79 | 0.63 | − 0.09, 1.36 | 0.088 |
   • PETCO2 @ AT (mmHg) |  | 79 | − 0.74 | − 1.44, − 0.04 | 0.038 |
  ii. Dichotomised | Risk cut-point |  |  |  |  |
   • Peak VO2 (ml/kg/min) | < 16 | 79 | − 10.20 | − 18.90, − 1.53 | 0.021 |
   • Peak VO2 (ml/min/m2) | < 710 | 79 | − 11.70 | − 20.00, − 3.46 | 0.005 |
   • VO2 @ AT (ml/kg/min) | < 12 | 79 | − 3.74 | − 12.60, 5.07 | 0.410 |
   • Ve/VCO2 @ AT | A.1.1.1.1. > 35 | 79 | 12.70 | 0.95, 24.40 | 0.034 |
   • PETCO2 @ AT (mmHg) | < 35 | 79 | − 15.50 | − 28.00, − 2.93 | 0.016 |
B. Bi-variable analysis | |||||
 • Peak VO2 (ml/min/m2) | < 710 | 41 | − 15.00 | − 24.00, − 5.90 | 0.001 |
 • Neutrophils (× 109/l) |  |  | 3.10 | 0.92, 5.20 | 0.005 |
 • Neutrophils (× 109/l) | > 7.5 | 5 | 22.00 | 5.20, 39.00 | 0.010 |
 • Peak VO2 (ml/min/m2) | < 710 | 41 | − 13.00 | − 23.00, − 4.00 | 0.005 |
 • Neutrophils (× 109/l) | > 7.5 | 5 | 24.00 | 6.60, 42.00 | 0.007 |
 • Ve/VCO2 @ AT | > 35 | 12 | 7.30 | − 5.80, 21.00 | 0.280 |
 • Heart rate change: baseline to peak (beats per minute) | < 25 | 76 | − 30.00 | − 51.00, − 9.20 | 0.005 |
 • Peak VO2 (ml/kg/min) | < 710 | 41 | − 9.30 | − 17.00, − 1.20 | 0.024 |