Table 3 Univariable and multivariable models examining factors associated with anxiety

Age group (years)

 65–74

81 (78.6)

22 (21.4)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 75–84

31 (73.8)

11 (26.2)

1.31 (0.57–3.00)

0.530

1.84 (0.58–5.82)

0.297

 ≥ 85

3 (37.5)

5 (62.5)

6.14 (1.36–27.69)

0.018*

1.94 (0.19–20.22)

0.579

Gender

 Male

64 (83.1)

13 (16.9)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 Female

51 (67.1)

25 (32.9)

2.41 (1.12–5.18)

0.024*

0.90 (0.30–2.69)

0.851

Ethnicity

 Malay

23 (79.3)

6 (20.7)

1.00 (reference)

 Chinese

73 (75.3)

24 (24.7)

1.26 (0.46–3.46)

0.653

 Indian

17 (70.8)

7 (29.2)

1.58 (0.45–5.55)

0.477

 Others

2 (66.7)

1 (33.3)

1.92 (0.15–24.87)

0.619

Diagnosis

 Non-cancer

79 (80.6)

19 (19.4)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 Cancer

36 (65.5)

19 (34.5)

2.19 (1.04–4.64)

0.039*

0.44 (0.13–1.51)

0.194

Nature of surgery

 Minor

70 (82.4)

15 (17.6)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 Major

45 (66.2)

23 (33.8)

2.39 (1.13–5.05)

0.023*

1.12 (0.31–4.13)

0.862

Surgical speciality

 General surgery

28 (58.3)

20 (41.7)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 Cardiothoracic surgery

7 (87.5)

1 (12.5)

0.20 (0.02–1.76)

0.146

0.11 (0.01–1.52)

0.099

 Gynaecology

8 (80.0)

2 (20.0)

0.35 (0.07–1.83)

0.213

0.32 (0.05–2.16)

0.240

 Neurosurgery

4 (66.7)

2 (33.3)

0.70 (0.12–4.20)

0.696

0.43 (0.04–4.20)

0.467

 Ophthalmology

31 (91.2)

3 (8.8)

0.14 (0.04–0.51)

0.003*

0.08 (0.01–0.54)

0.010*

 Orthopaedic surgery

2 (33.3)

4 (66.7)

2.80 (0.47–16.80)

0.260

1.66 (0.13–21.63)

0.698

 Otolaryngology

1 (20.0)

4 (80.0)

5.60 (0.58–53.95)

0.136

5.06 (0.39–65.58)

0.214

 Plastic surgery

2 (100.0)

0 (0.0)

–

–

 Urology

25 (92.6)

2 (7.4)

0.11 (0.02–0.53)

0.006*

0.09 (0.01–0.69)

0.021*

 Vascular surgery

7 (100.0)

0 (0.0)

–

–

Postponement of surgery

 No

89 (76.1)

28 (23.9)

1.00 (reference)

 Yes

26 (72.2)

10 (27.8)

1.22 (0.53–2.84)

0.641

Depression

 No

112 (83.0)

23 (17.0)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 Yes

3 (16.7)

15 (83.3)

24.35 (6.52–90.99)

<  0.001*

16.25 (3.23–81.82)

0.001*

Appetite

 Normal

106 (79.1)

28 (20.9)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 Decreased

9 (47.4)

10 (52.6)

4.21 (1.56–11.35)

0.005*

2.41 (0.57–10.12)

0.231