Complication | Conservative group N = 179 No. of patients (%) | Liberal group N = 163 No. of patients (%) | Crude | Adjusted analysis¤ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) * | p | OR (95% CI) * | p | |||
Primary outcome | ||||||
Overall complications | 98 (58.0) | 127 (73.4) | 2.9 (1.8–4.7) | < 0.001 | 2.6 (1.5–4.4) | < 0.001 |
Subgroups of outcome | ||||||
Wound-related | 39 (23.1) | 48 (27.7) | 1.5 (0.9–2.5) | 0.105 | 1.6 (0.9–2.7) | 0.123 |
Superficial wound rupture | 18 | 25 | ||||
Rupture of the fascia | 20 | 20 | ||||
Leakage of the anastomosis | 1 | 3 | ||||
Cardiopulmonary | 45 (26.6) | 89 (51.4) | 3.6 (2.3–5.7) | < 0.001 | 3.2 (1.9–5.7) | < 0.001 |
Arrhythmia | 14 | 28 | ||||
Acute myocardial infarction | 2 | 2 | ||||
Cardiac arrest | 2 | 0 | ||||
Pleural effusion | 9 | 17 | ||||
Pulmonary congestion | 5 | 14 | ||||
Pulmonary edema | 2 | 2 | ||||
Respiratory failure | 11 | 26 | ||||
Renal | 7 (4.1) | 15 (8.7) | 2.5 (1.0–6.7) | 0.053 | - | - |
Need for dialysis | 2 | 3 | ||||
Other renal§ | 5 | 12 | ||||
Infectious | 73 (43.2) | 90 (52.0) | 1.8 (1.2–2.8) | 0.008 | 1.6 (1.0–2.5) | 0.071 |
Wound infection | 14 | 12 | ||||
Pneumonia | 35 | 65 | ||||
Urinary tract infection | 18 | 11 | ||||
Other infections | 6 | 2 | ||||
Major complications | ||||||
Secondary outcome | ||||||
Major complication | 46 (27.2) | 65 (37.6) | 1.9 (1.2–3.0) | 0.005 | 1.6 (1.0–2.7) | 0.077 |
Subgroups of outcome | ||||||
Wound-related | 23 (13.6) | 27 (15.6) | 1.3 (0.7–2.5) | 0.333 | 1.2 (0.6–2.4) | 0.606 |
Superficial wound rupture | 3 | 4 | ||||
Rupture of the fascia | 19 | 20 | ||||
Leakage of the anastomosis | 1 | 3 | ||||
Cardiopulmonary | 22 (13.0) | 45 (26.0) | 2.7 (1.6–4.9) | 0.000 | 2.5 (1.3–4.9) | 0.006 |
Arrhythmia | 1 | 3 | ||||
Acute myocardial infarction | 4 | 2 | ||||
Cardiac arrest | 2 | 2 | ||||
Pleural effusion | 3 | 9 | ||||
Pulmonary congestion | 0 | 0 | ||||
Pulmonary edema | 2 | 4 | ||||
Respiratory failure | 10 | 25 | ||||
Renal | 5 (3.0) | 12 (6.9) | 2.8 (1.0–8.9) | 0.061 | - | - |
Need for dialysis | 2 | 3 | ||||
Other renal | 3 | 9 | ||||
Infectious | 14 (8.3) | 15 (8.7) | 1.2 (0.6–2.6) | 0.647 | 1.1 (0.5–2.5) | 0.874 |
Wound infection | 10 | 3 | ||||
Pneumonia | 4 | 12 | ||||
Urinary tract infection | 0 | 0 | ||||
Other infections | 0 | 0 | ||||
Death at postoperative day 90 | 36 (21.3) | 51 (29.5) | 1.8 (1.1–3.0) | 0.019 | 1.3 (0.7–2.4) | 0.477 |