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Table 3 Logistic regression analysis on the association between the perioperative fluid balance and postoperative complications following emergency gastrointestinal surgery

From: Perioperative fluid administration and complications in emergency gastrointestinal surgery—an observational study

Complication

Conservative group

N = 179

No. of patients (%)

Liberal group

N = 163

No. of patients (%)

Crude

Adjusted analysis¤

 

OR (95% CI) *

p

OR (95% CI) *

p

Primary outcome

 Overall complications

98 (58.0)

127 (73.4)

2.9 (1.8–4.7)

< 0.001

2.6 (1.5–4.4)

< 0.001

Subgroups of outcome

     

 Wound-related

39 (23.1)

48 (27.7)

1.5 (0.9–2.5)

0.105

1.6 (0.9–2.7)

0.123

 Superficial wound rupture

18

25

    

 Rupture of the fascia

20

20

    

 Leakage of the anastomosis

1

3

    

 Cardiopulmonary

45 (26.6)

89 (51.4)

3.6 (2.3–5.7)

< 0.001

3.2 (1.9–5.7)

< 0.001

 Arrhythmia

14

28

    

 Acute myocardial infarction

2

2

    

 Cardiac arrest

2

0

    

 Pleural effusion

9

17

    

 Pulmonary congestion

5

14

    

 Pulmonary edema

2

2

    

 Respiratory failure

11

26

    

 Renal

7 (4.1)

15 (8.7)

2.5 (1.0–6.7)

0.053

-

-

 Need for dialysis

2

3

    

 Other renal§

5

12

    

 Infectious

73 (43.2)

90 (52.0)

1.8 (1.2–2.8)

0.008

1.6 (1.0–2.5)

0.071

 Wound infection

14

12

    

 Pneumonia

35

65

    

 Urinary tract infection

18

11

    

 Other infections

6

2

    
 

Major complications

Secondary outcome

     

 Major complication

46 (27.2)

65 (37.6)

1.9 (1.2–3.0)

0.005

1.6 (1.0–2.7)

0.077

Subgroups of outcome

     

 Wound-related

23 (13.6)

27 (15.6)

1.3 (0.7–2.5)

0.333

1.2 (0.6–2.4)

0.606

  Superficial wound rupture

3

4

    

  Rupture of the fascia

19

20

    

  Leakage of the anastomosis

1

3

    

 Cardiopulmonary

22 (13.0)

45 (26.0)

2.7 (1.6–4.9)

0.000

2.5 (1.3–4.9)

0.006

  Arrhythmia

1

3

    

  Acute myocardial infarction

4

2

    

  Cardiac arrest

2

2

    

  Pleural effusion

3

9

    

  Pulmonary congestion

0

0

    

  Pulmonary edema

2

4

    

  Respiratory failure

10

25

    

 Renal

5 (3.0)

12 (6.9)

2.8 (1.0–8.9)

0.061

-

-

  Need for dialysis

2

3

    

  Other renal

3

9

    

 Infectious

14 (8.3)

15 (8.7)

1.2 (0.6–2.6)

0.647

1.1 (0.5–2.5)

0.874

  Wound infection

10

3

    

  Pneumonia

4

12

    

  Urinary tract infection

0

0

    

  Other infections

0

0

    

 Death at postoperative day 90

36 (21.3)

51 (29.5)

1.8 (1.1–3.0)

0.019

1.3 (0.7–2.4)

0.477

  1. ¤Clinical risk factors adjusted for in the model: sex, age in the potency, ASA class (dichotomized at ASA class 3), use of epidural analgesia (yes or no), use of vasopressors (yes or no), the type of surgery (bowel resection, palliative surgery, or other procedures), gastrointestinal obstruction or perforation, and the Hospital (Holbæk, Slagelse, or Køge). *OR odds ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval. §Hydronephrosis with nephrostomy catheter or treatment stalled due to renal failure. A p-value < 0.01 is considered significant