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Table 2 Perioperative fluid administration, losses, and associated variables during and after emergency gastrointestinal surgery

From: Perioperative fluid administration and complications in emergency gastrointestinal surgery—an observational study

 

Conservative group (perioperative balance ≤2.5 L), median [IQR] or no. (%)

n = 179

Liberal group (perioperative balance > 2.5 L), median [IQR] or no. (%)

n = 163

Intraoperative data

 Fluid variables, mL

  

  iv# crystalloids

1400 [950, 1830]

2360 [1600, 3280]

  iv colloids

0 [0, 0]

0 [0, 500]

  iv glucose containing fluids

0 [0, 0]

0 [0, 0]

  iv blood products

0 [0, 0]

0 [0, 0]

  iv other fluids

110 [60, 170]

190 [90, 280]

  Total iv fluid administration

1610 [1120, 2040]

2750 [2090, 3750]

  Total iv fluid administration (mL kg−1 h−1)

9.8 [7.5, 12.7]

13.3 [9.0, 18.2]

  Missing, no.

3

0

  Diuresis

120 [0, 380]

180 [70, 450]

  Blood loss

0 [0, 130]

100 [0, 400]

  Other loss

110 [70, 420]

120 [80, 260]

  Total loss

490 [140, 1130]

600 [310, 1130]

  Fluid balance

930 [570, 1290]

2030 [1550, 2790]

 Hypotensive episodes

79 (44.1)

105 (64.4)

 Vasopressor given

156 (87.2)

152 (93.3)

 Ephedrine, mg, n = 118 / 100§

20.0 [10.0, 30.0]

17.5 [10.0, 30.0]

 Norepinephrine, mg, n = 10 / 40§

1.5 [0.4, 3.4]

2.8 [1.8, 5.0]

 Phenylephrine, mg, n = 94 / 112§

1.0 [0.4, 2.2]

2.8 [1.0, 5.7]

Postoperative data

 Fluid variables, mL

  

  iv crystalloids

720 [400, 1280]

1900 [1090, 3170]

  iv colloids

0 [0, 0]

0 [0, 400]

  iv glucose

0 [0, 0]

0 [0, 230]

  iv blood products

0 [0, 0]

0 [0, 0]

  iv other fluids

180 [5, 350]

410 [180, 1190]

  Total iv fluid administration

950 [590, 1510]

2970 [1710, 5620]

  Total iv fluid administration (mL kg−1 h−1)

3.5 [2.3, 4.8]

4.6 [3.7, 6.8]

  Missing, no.

3

1

  Diuresis

140 [0, 500]

530 [110, 1320]

  Blood loss

0 [0, 0]

0 [0, 0]

  Other loss

140 [80, 280]

340 [140, 770]

  Total loss

270 [110, 830]

970 [270, 2240]

  Fluid balance

520 [250, 850]

1750 [1110, 3110]

 Hypotensive episodes

17 (9.5)

46 (28.4)

  Missing, no.

0

1

 Vasopressor given

22 (12.3)

71 (43.8)

 Ephedrine, mg, n = 6 / 13§

15.0 [10.0, 20.0]

10.0 [10.0, 20.0]

 Norepinephrine, mg, n = 12 / 47§

5.9 [3.4, 14.2]

12.8 [6.2, 20.0]

 Phenylephrine, mg, n = 9 / 19§

2.2 [1.0, 8.1]

3.1 [0.5, 5.9]

Perioperative fluid data

 Epidural analgesia, no. (%)

77 (43.0)

70 (42.9)

 Total iv fluid administration

2610 [2160, 3310]

6000 [4290, 8930]

 Total iv fluid administration (mL kg−1 h−1)

5.9 [4.1, 7.8]

7.3 [5.4, 10.2]

  Missing, no.

3

0

 Total loss

920 [480, 2000]

1900 [960, 3350]

 Fluid balance, mL

1580 [1000, 2040]

3620 [3020, 5340]

 Fluid balance, mL kg−1 h−1

3.3 [1.7, 5.2]

4.7 [3.4, 7.2]

  Missing, no.

3

0

  1. #Intravenous. §The result is presented for those who received vasopressor or inotropic as specified by the n = (conservative / liberal)