Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the conservative or liberal fluid group of patients undergoing emergency gastrointestinal surgery
Conservative group (perioperative balance ≤2.5 L), number of patients (%) | Liberal group (perioperative balance > 2.5 L), number of patients (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Number of patients | 179 | 163 | |
Sex | Female | 100 (55.9) | 93 (57.1) |
Age group | Years (median (IQR) φ) | 70.0 [57.5, 79.0] | 72.0 [66.0, 79.0] |
Body mass index | Median (IQR) | 23.9 [21.1, 26.8] | 23.9 [21.5, 27.9] |
Missing | 14 | 10 | |
Smoking habits | Current smoker | 55 (32.4) | 55 (34.2) |
Missing | 9 | 2 | |
Alcohol intake, female/male | > 7/> 14 units week−1 | 15 (8.7) | 24 (15.5) |
Missing | 7 | 8 | |
ASA classification | 1–2 | 110 (61.5) | 77 (47.2) |
3–5 | 69 (38.5) | 86 (52.8) | |
Sepsis-2 score, preoperative | 0–2 | 162 (91.5) | 126 (77.8) |
3–4 | 15 (8.5) | 36 (22.2) | |
Missing | 2 | 1 | |
Co-morbidity# | Heart disease | 45 (25.1) | 39 (23.9) |
Hypertension | 73 (40.8) | 79 (48.5) | |
Pulmonary disease | 26 (14.5) | 31 (19.0) | |
Liver disease | 10 (5.6) | 5 (3.1) | |
Renal disease | 11 (6.1) | 15 (9.2) | |
Diabetes mellitus | 19 (10.6) | 29 (17.8) | |
Active cancer disease | 24 (13.4) | 30 (18.4) | |
Diagnosis | Adhesions | 94 (52.5) | 61 (37.4) |
Crohn disease | 3 (1.7) | 2 (1.2) | |
Diverticulitis | 13 (7.3) | 15 (9.2) | |
Hernia, strangulated | 7 (3.9) | 7 (4.3) | |
Intraabdominal cancer | 23 (12.8) | 30 (18.4) | |
Perforated ulcer | 12 (6.7) | 15 (9.2) | |
Arterial ischemia | 4 (2.2) | 5 (3.1) | |
Volvulus | 11 (6.1) | 9 (5.5) | |
Other* | 12 (6.7) | 19 (11.7) | |
Surgical indication | Gastrointestinal obstruction | 149 (83.2) | 109 (66.9) |
Gastrointestinal perforation | 30 (16.8) | 54 (33.1) | |
Surgical procedure | Bowel resection | 59 (33.0) | 98 (60.1) |
Other procedure§ | 102 (57.0) | 49 (30.1) | |
Palliative surgeryθ | 18 (10.1) | 16 (9.8) | |
Laparoscopy | 11 (6.1) | 11 (6.7) | |
Primary anastomosis | Small bowel | 16 (8.9) | 21 (12.9) |
Ileo-colic | 12 (6.7) | 9 (5.5) | |
Colo-colic | 2 (1.1) | 5 (3.1) | |
Time to surgery, hour | |||
From hospital admission | 0–12 h | 67 (37.4) | 71 (43.6) |
> 12 h | 111 (62.0) | 92 (56.4) | |
missing | 1 | 0 | |
From assessment by surgeon | Hour (median [IQR] φ) | 3.0 [2.0, 6.0] | 3.0 [2.0, 6.0] |
Missing | 1 | 0 | |
Time of surgery, median [IQR] | 1.6 [1.1, 2.3] | 2.3 [1.6, 3.3] | |
3 | 2 | ||
Time of anesthesia, median [IQR] | 2.2 [1.8, 2.9] | 3.0 [2.2, 4.0] | |
Immediate postoperative intensive care | 15 (8.4) | 53 (32.5) | |
Sepsis-2 score, postoperative | 0–2 | 137 (76.5) | 89 (54.6) |
3–4 | 38 (21.2) | 72 (44.2) | |
Missing | 4 | 2 | |