Table 2 Multivariate regression analyses of confounding factors

PNI at admission (per 1)

0.850 (0.776, 0.931)

< 0.001

Age (per 1 year)

1.041 (1.016, 1.066)

0.001

Postoperative hospital stay (per 1 day)

1.132 (1.016, 1.263)

0.025

Time to admission (per 1)

1.343 (1.056, 1.708)

0.016

Hypertension (ref: no)

2.091 (1.116, 3.916)

0.021

Combined injuries (ref: no)

2.836 (1.340, 6.003)

0.006

Operation types (ref: hip replacement)

4.625 (2.283, 9.367)

< 0.001

ASA (per I)

1.411 (0.718, 2.773)

0.317

Blood transfusion (ref: no)

1.040 (0.500, 2.163)

0.916

Intraoperative blood loss (per 1 × 10² ml)

1.042 (0.878, 1.238)

0.638

PAb at admission (per 1 mg/l)

1.000 (0.993, 1.008)

0.950

Hb at admission (per 1 g/l)

1.015 (0.990, 1.040)

0.244

LYM count at admission (per 1 × 10⁹/l)

1.520 (0.677, 3.411)

0.310

NETU count at admission (per 1 × 10⁹/l)

1.015 (0.892, 1.155)

0.822

PAb at 1 day postoperatively (per 1 mg/l)

1.009 (0.995, 1.023)

0.191

Hb at 1 day postoperatively (per 1 g/l)

0.989 (0.959, 1.019)

0.460

GLB at 1 day postoperatively (per 1 g/l)

0.990 (0.915, 1.071)

0.804

LYM count at 1 day postoperatively (per 1 × 10⁹/l)

1.016 (0.249, 4.143)

0.982

NETU count at 1 day postoperatively (per 1 × 10⁹/l)

1.055(0.936, 1.189)

0.377

NLR at 1 day postoperatively (per 1)

0.991 (0.922, 1.064)

0.797

PNI at 1 day postoperatively (per 1)

0.925 (0.822, 1.040)

0.193

PAb before discharge (per 1 mg/l)

0.997 (0.987, 1.008)

0.630