Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the total study population
Patients | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Total (n = 855) | No delirium (n = 809) | Delirium (n = 46) |
Age (year) | 73 (5) | 73 (5) | 78 (6) |
Gender (female) | 739 (86.4%) | 707 (87.4%) | 32 (69.6%) |
Height (cm) | 154 (7) | 154 (7) | 156 (9) |
Weight (kg) | 63 (9) | 63 (9) | 59 (9) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27 (4) | 27 (4) | 25 (4) |
ASA class | |||
1 | 115 (13.5%) | 112 (13.8%) | 3 (6.5%) |
2 | 699 (81.8%) | 662 (81.8%) | 37 (80.4%) |
3 | 41 (4.8%) | 35 (4.3%) | 6 (13%) |
Charlson comorbidity index | 3.8 (0.9) | 3.8 (0.9) | 4.4 (1.0) |
Hypertension | 600 (70.2%) | 566 (70.0%) | 34 (73.9%) |
Diabetes mellitus | 228 (26.7%) | 210 (26.0%) | 18 (39.1%) |
History of stroke | 37 (4.3%) | 32 (4.0%) | 5 (10.9%) |
Chronic kidney disease | 31 (3.6%) | 25 (3.1%) | 6 (13.0%) |
Intraoperative sedative | |||
Propofol | 592 (69%) | 552 (68%) | 40 (87%) |
Dexmedetomidine | 263 (31%) | 257 (32%) | 6 (13%) |
Midazolam premedication | 836 (97.8%) | 792 (97.9%) | 44 (95.7%) |
Operation time (min) | 114 (46) | 115 (46) | 99 (47) |
Anesthesia time (min) | 162 (54) | 163 (54) | 148 (52) |
RBCs (units, during surgery) | 0.1 (0.5) | 0.1 (0.5) | 0.1 (0.3) |
RBCs (units, after surgery) | 0.2 (0.6) | 0.2 (0.6) | 0.5 (0.9) |
Emergency operation | 13 (1.5%) | 9 (1.1%) | 4 (8.7%) |
Phenylephrine (μg) | 21 (54) | 20 (53) | 39 (64) |
Ephedrine (mg) | 5.2 (7.0) | 5.3 (7.0) | 4.4 (5.5) |
Laboratory findings-pre | |||
Hematocrit (%) | 36.6 (5.1) | 36.7 (5.1) | 35.6 (5.7) |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 141 (3) | 141 (3) | 140 (3) |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.3 (0.4) | 4.3 (0.4) | 4.4 (0.6) |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.8 (0.5) | 0.8 (0.4) | 1.1 (1.1) |
Albumin (g/dL) | 4.0 (0.5) | 4.0 (0.5) | 3.9 (0.6) |
Laboratory findings-post | |||
Hematocrit (%) | 29.9 (4.1) | 30.0 (4.1) | 29.2 (3.5) |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 138 (3) | 138 (3) | 136 (3) |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.2 (0.4) | 4.2 (0.4) | 4.3 (0.5) |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.7 (0.4) | 0.7 (0.4) | 1.1 (1.0) |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.4 (0.3) | 3.4 (0.3) | 3.2 (0.4) |
Postoperative ICU admittance | 15 (1.8%) | 10 (1.2%) | 5 (10.9%) |
Postoperative admission period (days) | 14 (11) | 14 (9) | 18 (23) |
5-HT3 receptor antagonist | |||
None | 145 (17%) | 137 (17%) | 8 (18%) |
Ramosetron | 365 (43%) | 346 (43%) | 19 (41%) |
Palonosetron | 345 (40%) | 326 (40%) | 19 (41%) |
Delirium | 46 (5.4%) | 46 (100%) | N/A |
Delirium onset (days) | 1.7 (1.5) | 1.7 (1.5) | N/A |