Fig. 3

Comparison of group-level diagonal bicoherence 5 min before and 10 min after Dex injection. A Median curve of superimposed diagonal bicoherence spectra from 21 cases 5 min before (blue line) and 10 min after (red line) Dex injection, shown with 95% CIs. From the pre- to the post-injection data, bicoherence of α peak values decreased while bicoherence of slow θ waves increased. B Mean α-bicoherence peaks of 21 cases; error bars are SDs; ****p < 0.0001, paired t test. C Mean frequency of α-bicoherence peaks of 21 cases; error bars are SDs; **p < 0.01, paired t test. D Mean θ-bicoherence peaks of 21 cases; error bars are SDs; ***p < 0.001, paired t test. E Frequency of θ-bicoherence peaks, box top/bottom indicates the 25% and 75% quartiles, and error bars indicate the minimum and maximum among the 21 cases. Median values are superimposed on the 75th and 25th quartile values. The means are shown with the end points of the solid diagonal line, the shading around which reflects standard errors of the means; **p < 0.01, Wilcoxon signed-rank test