Table 2 ERAS elements in each article
From: Enhanced recovery after surgery for hip fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Article | Preoperative | Intraoperative (and surgery) | Postoperative |
|---|---|---|---|
Pollmann (Pollmann et al. 2019) | Intravenous fluids Oxygen Opiate-sparing pain relief Electrocardiogram Triage of hip fractures X-ray evaluation Fascia iliaca compartment block Short periods of fasting | Transfusion triggers Management of anticoagulants | Pain relief Standardized mobilization Screening for nutritional status Prevention of delirium |
Kang (Kang et al. 2019) | Preoperative educational program Oral multimodal analgesia (Celebrex) Opioid-free spinal anesthesia | Intravenous dexamethasone 2 L of lactated Ringer’s Tranexamic acid | Early mobilization Opioids avoiding Nausea and vomiting control Supported discharge |
Gomez (Gomez et al. 2019) | Geriatrician support Nursing aids Physical therapy | General anesthesia with an ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block No drains Reduction on traction table | Early food supply Transfer to postacute rehabilitation (PAR) |
Haugan et al. (Haugan et al. 2017) | Oxygen Standardized nursing routines (pain control, nutrition, fluid therapy and prevention of pressure sores) Femoral block Preparation for discharge Scheduled time for surgery (within 24 hours) | Not mentioned | Standardized pain control Standardized mobilization Medication reconciliation |
Liu (Liu et al. 2017) | Patient education No prolonged fasting Carbohydrate loading Decreased sedative medications Regional anesthesia | Antimicrobial prophylaxis nausea and vomiting prophylaxis Multimodal analgesia Standard anesthetic protocol (neuraxial anesthesia preferred) Minimally invasive surgery Avoidance of drains and tubes Perioperative fluid management Prevention of hypothermia | Multimodal analgesia Early oral nutrition Early and sustained ambulation Early urinary catheter removal Deep vein thrombosis prevention Restoration of gut function Chewing gum (colorectal) |
Macfie et al. (Macfie et al. 2012) | Patient information sheet Early preassessment Fascia iliaca block and optimal analgesia Limited fasting and carbohydrate loading | High inspired oxygen Optimal fluid management Avoidance of drain | Postoperative early mobility Perioperative nutritional support Breathing exercise |
Pedersen et al. 2008 | Specialized hip fracture ward Pain treatment Femoral nerve block Assessment by anesthesiologist Planning of fluid therapy Blood sampling Immediately X-rays evaluation Oxygen therapy | Spinal anesthesia | Specialized hip fracture ward Oxygen therapy Nutrition therapy (protein drinks) Early mobilization |