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Table 2 Analgesics used postoperatively

From: Chronic pain after breast surgery: incidence, associated factors, and impact on quality of life, an observational prospective study

 

Total (n = 307)

No-CPBS (n = 221)

CPBS (n = 86)

OR [95% CI]

p

Prescribed for postoperative analgesia

 Paracetamol

307 (100%)

221 (100%)

86 (100%)

–

–

 Morphine (PCA)

142 (46.3%)

101 (45.7%)

41 (47.7%)

1.08 [0.64–1.84]

0.799

 Tramadol rescue

95 (30.9%)

62 (28.1%)

33 (38.8%)

1.62 [0.93–2.84]

0.074

 Ketorolac rescue

70 (22.8%)

54 (24.4%)

16 (21.1%)

0.83 [0.41–1.60]

0.639

Actually administered for postoperative analgesia

 At 3 h

Total (n = 307)

No-CPBS (n = 221)

CPBS (n = 86)

  

  Currently using PCA

142/142 (100%)

101/101 (100%)

41/41 (100%)

  

   Doses requested

1 [0, 21]

0 [0, 21]

1 [0, 9]

1.05 [0.91–1.21]

0.472

   Doses administered

1 [1, 6]

0 [0, 6]

1 [0, 5]

1.05 [0.79–1.39]

0.751

  Tramadol rescue

4/95 (4.2%)

3/62 (4.8%)

1/33 (3.0%)

0.67 [0.07–6.72]

0.731

  Ketorolac rescue

3/70 (4.3%)

3/54 (5.6%)

0/16 (0%)

–

–

 At 6 h

Total (n = 292)

No-CPBS (n = 208)

CPBS (n = 84)

  

  Currently using PCA

139/142 (97.9%)

99/101 (98.0%)

40/41 (97.6%)

  

   Doses requested

1 [0, 26]

1 [0, 26]

1.50 [0, 15]

1.08 [0.98–1.18]

0.133

   Doses administered

1 [0, 11]

1 [0, 11]

2 [0, 10]

1.16 [0.98–1.36]

0.078

  Tramadol rescue

1/81 (1.2%)

0 (0%)

1/26 (3.8%)

–

–

  Ketorolac rescue

1/57 (1.8%)

1/46 (2.2%)

0 (0%)

–

–

 At 12 h

Total (n = 254)

No-CPBS (n = 180)

CPBS (n = 74)

  

  Currently using PCA

106/142 (74.7%)

76/101 (75.2%)

30/41 (73.2%)

  

   Doses requested

2 [0, 28]

2 [0, 28]

4 [0, 25]

1.06 [0.99–1.14]

0.119

   Doses administered

2 [0,14]

2 [0, 13]

3.50 [0, 14]

1.11 [0.98–1.25]

0.097

  Tramadol rescue

2/69 (2.9%)

1/46 (2.2%)

1/23 (4.3%)

2.05 [0.12–34.3]

0.619

  Ketorolac rescue

5/54 (9.3%)

4/44 (9.1%)

1/10 (10.0%)

1.11 [0.11–11.2]

0.929

 At 24 h

 

No-CPBS (n = 111)

CPBS (n = 45)

  

  Currently using PCA

47/110 (42.7%)

32/79 (40.5%)

15/31 (48.4%)

  

   Doses requested

3 [0, 35]

3 [0, 23]

4 [1, 35]

1.05 [0.96–1.15]

0.298

   Doses administered

3 [0, 17]

3 [0, 17]

4 [1, 14]

1.06 [0.91–1.24]

0.292

  Tramadol rescue

0/26 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

–

–

  Ketorolac rescue

2/33 (6.1%)

2/27 (7.4%)

0 (0%)

–

–

 At 48 h

 

No-CBPS (n = 35)

CPBS (n = 23)

  

  Currently using PCA

4/142 (2.82%)

1/24 (4.2%)

3/17 (17.6%)

  

   Doses requested

12 [4, 13]

11

13 [4, 13]

0.92 [0.47–1.82]

0.817

   Doses administered

6.5 [4, 11]

11

4 [4, 9]

–

–

  Tramadol rescue

0/8 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

–

–

  Ketorolac rescue

1/9 (11.1%)

0 (0%)

1 (100%)

–

–

  1. At the different time points, the percentages of patients on the surgical ward using PCA and/or tramadol and ketorolac tromethamine as prescribed rescue analgesics are reported over time. Requested and administered doses are expressed as median and minimum-maximum values. Among patients treated with PCA in the No-CPBS and CPBS groups, those receiving less than 3 doses (1 dose = morphine 1 mg) were respectively 94 (93.1%) and 40 (97.6%) in the first 3 h postoperatively and 84 (84.8%) and 31 (77.5%) in the first 6 h postoperatively; those receiving less than 6 doses in the first 12 h postoperatively were 67 (88.2%) and 26 (86.7%), respectively; those receiving less than 10 doses in the first 24 h were 28 (87.5%) and 14 (93.3%), respectively; those receiving less than 15 doses in the first 48 h postoperatively were 1 (100%) and 3 (100%), respectively
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Perioperative Medicine

ISSN: 2047-0525