Table 2 A list of causes of hypochloremia
From: Clinical physiology aspects of chloremia in fluid therapy: a systematic review
| Mechanism | Site of action | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Loss of chlorides | Gastrointestinal tract |
Vomiting Gastric drainage Ileostomy with high waste products elimination rates |
| Kidney |
Diuretics Bartter’s syndrome Gitelman’s syndrome | |
| Excess intake of water (relative to chlorides) | Congestive heart failure | Hypotonic solution infusion |
| SIADH | ||
| Excess sodium intake (relative to chlorides) | NaHCO3 infusion |