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Table 2 A list of causes of hypochloremia

From: Clinical physiology aspects of chloremia in fluid therapy: a systematic review

Mechanism

Site of action

Example

Loss of chlorides

Gastrointestinal tract

Vomiting

Gastric drainage

Ileostomy with high waste products elimination rates

 

Kidney

Diuretics

Bartter’s syndrome

Gitelman’s syndrome

Excess intake of water (relative to chlorides)

Congestive heart failure

Hypotonic solution infusion

 

SIADH

 

Excess sodium intake (relative to chlorides)

 

NaHCO3 infusion

  1. SIADH the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, NaHCO3 sodium bicarbonate. Adapted from Bandak G, Kashani KB. Chloride in intensive care units: a key electrolyte. F1000Res. 2017; 6:1930