From: Clinical physiology aspects of chloremia in fluid therapy: a systematic review
Mechanism | Site of action | Example |
---|---|---|
Loss of chlorides | Gastrointestinal tract | Vomiting Gastric drainage Ileostomy with high waste products elimination rates |
Kidney | Diuretics Bartter’s syndrome Gitelman’s syndrome | |
Excess intake of water (relative to chlorides) | Congestive heart failure | Hypotonic solution infusion |
SIADH | ||
Excess sodium intake (relative to chlorides) | NaHCO3 infusion |