Table 1 List of causes of hyperchloremia
From: Clinical physiology aspects of chloremia in fluid therapy: a systematic review
Mechanism | Site of action | Example |
|---|---|---|
Chloride intake | Fluid therapy with high-chloride solutions Total parenteral nutrition | |
Loss of water | Kidney | Diabetes insipidus Diuretics A polyuric phase of renal failure |
Other than the kidney | Fever Hypermetabolism Diarrhea Burns Exercise and severe dehydration | |
An absolute or relative increase in chloride tubular reabsorption rates | Renal tubular acidosis Renal failure Acetazolamide Reconstructive surgery of lower urinary tract for urine derivation Post-hypocapnia states |