Table 1 Patient characteristics and preoperative risk factors
Bridging group | Control group | p value1 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 263 | 263 | ||
Age [years] | 71 ± 10 | 71 ± 10 | 0.63 | |
Sex [male, %] | 63.5% | 62.4% | 0.86 | |
Body mass index [kg/m2] | 27 ± 5 | 27 ± 11 | 0.89 | |
ASA physical status classification system > 2 [n, %] | 207 (79%) | 117 (44%) | < 0.001 | |
Bridging indications | Atrial fibrillation [n, %] | 217 (82%) | – | |
Past thromboembolic events [n, %] | 31 (12%) | – | ||
Heart valve replacement [n, %] | 22 (9%) | – | ||
Thrombophilia [n, %] | 9 (3%) | – | ||
Risk of thromboembolism | Low [n, %] | 136 (52%) | 100% | < 0.001 |
Moderate [n, %] | 75 (28%) | – | ||
High [n, %] | 52 (20%) | – | ||
Risk of bleeding | HAS-BLED score | 2.6 ± 1.0 | 2.2 ± 1.2 | < 0.001 |
High bleeding risk (HAS-BLED score > 2) [n, %] | 46 (18%) | 31 (12%) | 0.11 | |
Procedure-specific risk of bleeding | Minimal (category 1) [n, %] | 0 | 0 | 0.62 |
Mild (category 2) [n, %] | 121 (46%) | 116 (44%) | ||
Moderate (category 3) [n, %] | 90 (34%) | 101 (38%) | ||
Major (category 4) [n, %] | 40 (15%) | 32 (12%) | ||
Critical (category 5) [n, %] | 12 (5%) | 14 (5%) | ||
Cardiovascular risk factors | Hypertension: blood pressure consistently above 140/90 mmHg or treated with hypertension medication [n, %] | 219 (83%) | 162 (62%) | < 0.001 |
Congestive heart failure [n, %] | 88 (33%) | 18 (7%) | < 0.001 | |
Coronary heart disease/arterial occlusive disease [n, %] | 89 (34%) | 44 (17%) | < 0.001 | |
Chronic renal insufficiency ≥ stage III (GFR < 60 ml/min) [n, %] | 97 (37%) | 36 (14%) | < 0.001 | |
Diabetes mellitus [n, %] | 79 (30%) | 47 (18%) | 0.001 | |