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Table 5 Subgroup analysis for the type of surgery, device, the goal-directed haemodynamic therapy intervention (fluids only or fluids and inotropes or vasopressors) and the date when the study was conducted. CI confidence interval, M-H Mantel-Haenszel, PAC pulmonary artery catheter

From: Goal-directed haemodynamic therapy (GDHT) in surgical patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of GDHT on post-operative pulmonary complications

Subgroups

No. of studies

No. of patients

Analysis

Effect

(95% CI)

P value

Surgery types

General/mixed/abdominal

44

7420

M-H odds ratio

0.76 (0.58–0.99)

P = 0.04

Orthopaedic

9

900

M-H odds ratio

1.15 (0.73–1.81)

P = 0.54

Cardiothoracic

7

797

M-H odds ratio

0.33 (0.17–0.63)

P = 0.0009

Vascular

6

431

M-H odds ratio

0.79 (0.35–1.76)

P = 0.56

Device types

Minimally invasive

33

3719

M-H odds ratio

0.73 (0.53–1.01)

P = 0.06

Oesophageal doppler

17

2003

M-H odds ratio

0.87 (0.43–1.77)

P = 0.70

Non-invasive

5

744

M-H odds ratio

0.77 (0.44–1.38)

P = 0.38

PAC

8

2688

M-H odds ratio

0.69 (0.44–1.08)

P = 0.10

Oxygen indices

3

460

M-H odds ratio

1.13 (0.64–2.00)

P = 0.67

Intervention per protocol

Fluids only

22

2033

M-H odds ratio

1.39 (0.89–2.16)

P = 0.14

Fluid and inotropes or vasopressors

44

7515

M-H odds ratio

0.62 (0.49–0.80)

P = 0.0002

Date of study publication

Conducted up to and year 2000

9

728

M-H odds ratio

0.54 (0.36–0.81)

P = 0.003

Conducted between 2001 and 2010

12

3296

M-H odds ratio

0.86 (0.56–1.31)

P = 0.48

Conducted between 2011 and to date

45

5524

M-H odds ratio

0.73 (0.54–0.99)

P = 0.04