Table 3 Baseline characteristics of colorectal surgery patient cohorts analyzed for ONS and non-ONS use after matching

Malnutrition

57

21.3

109

20.4

0.02

Male

125

46.8

247

46.3

0.01

Age group

0.13

 < 30

11

4.1

21

3.9

 30–39

10

3.7

15

2.8

 40–49

10

3.7

18

3.4

 50–59

50

18.7

90

16.9

 60–69

60

22.5

130

24.3

 70–79

67

25.1

125

23.4

 ≥ 80

59

22.1

135

25.3

VW score category

0.17

 < − 5

3

1.1

 − 5 to − 1

32

12

57

10.7

 − 1 to 1

95

35.6

214

40.1

 1 to 5

35

13.1

58

10.9

 > 5

102

38.2

205

38.4

Comorbidities

0.00

 Cancer

71

26.6

142

26.6

0.02

 Renal failure

14

5.2

26

4.9

0.11

 Chronic pulmonary disease

46

17.2

71

13.3

Payor category

0.11

 Managed care organization

61

22.8

114

21.3

 Medicaid

15

5.6

23

4.3

 Medicare

169

63.3

351

65.7

 Others

22

8.2

46

8.6

Race

0.08

 Black

25

9.4

38

7.1

 Hispanic

2

0.7

3

0.6

 Others

21

7.9

46

8.6

 White

219

82

447

83.7

Open colorectal surgery

193

72.3

402

75.3

0.11

Hospital bed size

0.02

 < 200

76

28.5

157

29.4

 200–499

132

49.4

255

47.8

 ≥ 500

59

22.1

122

22.8

Teaching hospital

69

25.8

138

25.8

0.00

Rural hospital

50

18.7

99

18.5

0.00

Vasopressor

108

40.4

216

40.4

0.00