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Table 2 Weight loss conversation themes and sub-themes

From: Preoperative communication between anaesthetists and patients with obesity regarding perioperative risks and weight management: a structured narrative review

Barriers to conversations Communication tools Language and communication Specific recommendations
- Lack of training
- Insufficient time
- Pessimism
- Poor resources
- Complex topic
- More immediate needs
- Motivational interviewing
- 5 A’s (Assess, Advise, Agree, Assist, Arrange)
- Written materials
- 4 E’s (engage, empathise, educate, enlist)
- Specific terminology
- Empathetic
- Patient-centred (specific)
- Training for physicians
- Clear referral pathways
- Specific consultation suggestions
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