Table 1 Baseline characteristics dependent on the height of troponin elevation
Overall | TnI 18–119 ng L−1 | TnI 120–599 ng L−1 | TnI ≥ 600 ng L−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 811 | 543 | 192 | 76 |
Age (median [IQR]) | 74 [68–80] | 74 [68–80] | 74 [68–79] | 73 [69–79] |
Males (%) | 505 (62.3) | 341 (62.8) | 115 (59.9) | 49 (64.5) |
RCRI score (%) | ||||
0 | 196 (24.2) | 141 (26.0) | 45 (23.4) | 10 (13.2) |
1 | 320 (39.5) | 215 (39.6) | 77 (40.1) | 28 (36.8) |
2 | 191(23.6) | 120 (22.1) | 45 (23.4) | 26 (34.2) |
3 or more | 104 (12.8) | 67 (12.3) | 25 (13.0) | 12 (15.8) |
High-risk surgery (defined by RCRI) (%) | 314 (38.7) | 195 (35.9) | 82 (42.7) | 37 (48.7) |
High-risk surgery (defined by ESC/ESA) (%) | 124 (15.3) | 77 (14.2) | 35 (18.2) | 12 (15.8) |
History of ischemic heart disease (%) | 235 (29.0) | 145 (26.7) | 58 (30.2) | 32 (42.1) |
History of congestive heart failure (%) | 84 (10.4) | 60 (11.0) | 19 (9.9) | 5 (6.6) |
History of cerebrovascular disease (%) | 201 (24.8) | 132 (24.3) | 48 (25.0) | 21 (27.6) |
Insulin dependent diabetes (%) | 109 (13.4) | 74 (13.6) | 24 (12.5) | 11 (14.5) |
Preoperative creatinine > 2.0 mg dL−1 (%) | 113 (13.9) | 83 (15.3) | 18 (9.4) | 12 (15.8) |
Arrhythmia (%) | 185 (22.8) | 136 (25.0) | 42 (21.9) | 7 (9.2) |
ICD or pacemaker (%) | 65 (8.0) | 53 (9.8) | 10 (5.2) | 2 (2.6) |
Valvular disease (%) | 113 (13.9) | 82 (15.1) | 23 (12.0) | 8 (10.5) |
Peripheral vascular disease (%) | 241 (29.7) | 140 (25.8) | 66 (34.4) | 35 (46.1) |
Hypertension (%) | 516 (63.6) | 347 (63.9) | 119 (62.0) | 50 (65.8) |
Pulmonary disease (%) | 210 (25.9) | 142 (26.2) | 54 (28.1) | 14 (18.4) |
Active malignancy (%) | 255 (31.4) | 172 (31.7) | 60 (31.2) | 23 (30.3) |
Renal failure (%) | 282 (34.8) | 194 (35.7) | 58 (30.2) | 30 (39.5) |
Diabetes mellitus (%) | 189 (23.3) | 129 (23.8) | 41 (21.4) | 19 (25.0) |
ASA physical status (%) | ||||
1 | 4 (0.5) | 3 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.3) |
2 | 229 (28.2) | 161 (29.7) | 53 (27.6) | 15 (19.7) |
3 | 481 (59.3) | 319 (58.7) | 112 (58.3) | 50 (65.8) |
4 | 88 (10.9) | 55 (10.1) | 25 (13.0) | 8 (10.5) |
5 | 9 (1.1) | 5 (0.9) | 2 (1.0) | 2 (2.6) |
METS (%) | ||||
1–3 METS | 224 (27.6) | 162 (29.8) | 42 (21.9) | 20 (26.3) |
4–7 METS | 373 (46.0) | 263 (48.4) | 79 (41.1) | 31 (40.8) |
8–10 METS | 21 (2.6) | 10 (1.8) | 9 (4.7) | 2 (2.6) |
Unknown | 193 (23.8) | 108 (19.9) | 62 (32.3) | 23 (30.3) |
Emergency surgery (%) | 328 (40.4) | 213 (39.2) | 83 (43.2) | 32 (42.1) |
Surgical specialty (%) | ||||
General | 223 (27.5) | 149 (27.4) | 58 (30.2) | 16 (21.1) |
Gynecological | 25 (3.1) | 18 (3.3) | 5 (2.6) | 2 (2.6) |
Head and Neck | 78 (9.6) | 54 (9.9) | 15 (7.8) | 9 (11.8) |
Neurological | 133 (16.4) | 94 (17.3) | 28 (14.6) | 11 (14.5) |
Orthopedic | 104 (12.8) | 71 (13.1) | 26 (13.5) | 7 (9.2) |
Urological | 57 (7.0) | 42 (7.7) | 9 (4.7) | 6 (7.9) |
Vascular | 191 (23.6) | 115 (21.2) | 51 (26.6) | 25 (32.9) |
Locoregional and neuraxial anesthesia (%) | 62 (7.6) | 45 (8.3) | 13 (6.8) | 4 (5.3) |