Table 2 Characteristics of exercise programme in the intervention group
Author, year | Intervention | Time period | Control group activity |
|---|---|---|---|
Kobayashi et al. 2003 | Cycle 15 min. HR equivalent to VT. 2–3 times/week | 12 weeks | Normal level of activity |
Meyer et al. 2004 | Cycle at for 45 min. 4 times/week | 12 weeks | Not specified |
Jonsdottir et al. 2006 | Aerobic and resistance training. Cycle for 15 min, 50% of peak work load, and gradually increased then 20 min circuit training. 2 times/week | 20 weeks | Normal level of activity |
Maria Sarullo et al. 2006 | Cycle 30 min 60–70% of peak VO2. 3 times/week | 12 weeks | Normal level of activity |
Brubaker et al. 2009 | Cycle 3 times/week. Start at 40–50% of HRR then increased after 2 weeks to 60–70% HRR for 15–20 min | 16 weeks | Normal level of activity |
Malfatto et al. 2009 | Cycle or treadmill 40 min HR to 60% of VO2 peak. 3 times/week | 12 weeks | No training |
Parrinello et al. 2010 | Walking 30 min. 5 times/week | 10 weeks | Normal level of activity |
Gary et al. 2011 | Walking and resistance. Target HR within prescribed range and rate of perceived exertion within 15 | 12 weeks | Stretching and flexibility exercises |
Guazzi et al. 2012 | Cycle ergometer 40 min. 60% HRR | 12 weeks | Not specified |
Norman et al. 2012 | Aerobic exercise, 3 days a week, at 40%–70% heart rate reserve, based on the baseline CPET, or 11–14 on Borg scale for 30 min with 15 min warm-up and 15 min cool-down. Resistance training, 2 days a week, 8–10 exercises (upper and lower body) performed for one set of 10 to 15 repetitions, using weight machines, free weights or elastic bands. Supervised for first 3 weeks | 24 weeks | No supervised exercise |
Sandri et al. 2012) | Cycle 4 times/day. Workloads were adjusted to heart rate so that 70% of the symptom-limited maximum oxygen uptake was reached | 4 weeks | Not specified |
Eleuteri et al. 2013 | Home based with calibrated cycle ergometer. 30 min 5 times/week. Power and HR corresponding to AT | 12 weeks | Normal lifestyle activities |
Ahmad et al. 2014, HF-ACTION substudy | Supervised 3 times per week: walking/treadmill/stationary cycling. Initial 15 to 30 min heart rate 60% of heart rate reserve and ramped up. At home: exercise adherence and amount formally measured | 12 weeks | No supervised exercise |
Aksoy et al. 2015 | Supervised two groups, continuous up to 50% VO2 peak no change in intensity. Interval cycling with high and low intensity. 35 min 3 times/week | 10 weeks | No exercise |