Table 1 Perioperative characteristics of Caucasian and non-Caucasian children who had undergone abdominal/pelvic tumor resection
Variable (mean ± standard deviation) | Non-Caucasian (n = 59) | Caucasian (n = 80) | Difference in mean (95% CI) | p value | Entire study population (n = 139) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 9.7 ± 5.0 | 12.3 ± 5.0 | − 2.6 (− 4.3, − 0.9) | 0.003 | 11.2 ± 5.1 |
Gender, n (%) | 0.659 | ||||
Female | 28 (47) | 41 (51) | 69 (50) | ||
Male | 31 (53) | 39 (49) | 70 (50) | ||
ASA, n (%) | 0.085 | ||||
3 or 4 | 46 (78) | 71 (89) | 117 (84) | ||
Body mass index | 19 ± 4 | 20 ± 6 | − 1 (− 3, 0) | 0.083 | 20 ± 5 |
Preoperative opioid use, n (%) | 7 (12) | 26 (33) | 0.005 | 33 (24) | |
Baseline laboratory values | |||||
Hemoglobin, mg/dL | 11.0 ± 2.6 | 11.1 ± 1.7 | − 0.1 (− 0.8, 0.7) | 0.880 | 11.1 ± 2.1 |
Albumin, mg/dL | 4.1 ± 0.6 | 4.1 ± 0.4 | 0 (− 0.2, 0.2) | 0.907 | 4.1 ± 0.5 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.4 | − 0.1 (− 0.2, 0.0) | 0.108 | 0.6 ± 0.3 |
Platelet count, K/μL | 255 ± 144 | 235 ± 143 | 20 (− 29, 69) | 0.424 | 244 ± 143 |
PT, s | 14.1 ± 1.4 | 13.9 ± 1.1 | 0.2 (− 0.3, 0.7) | 0.397 | 14.0 ± 1.2 |
PTT, s | 36.9 ± 12.5 | 34.4 ± 11.7 | 2.5 (− 1.9, 6.9) | 0.251 | 35.4 ± 12.1 |
Abnormal coagulation or platelets, n (%) | 25 (42) | 25 (31) | 0.177 | 50 (36) | |
Surgical procedures, n (%) | |||||
Abdominal | 10 (17) | 9 (11) | 0.023 | 19 (14) | |
Pelvic | 8 (14) | 4 (5) | 12 (9) | ||
Abdomino-pelvic | 29 (49) | 59 (74) | 88 (63) | ||
Retroperitoneal | 12 (20) | 8 (10) | 20 (14) | ||
Anesthesia duration, min | 552 ± 282 | 686 ± 278 | − 134 (− 230, − 39) | 0.006 | 629 ± 289 |
Epidural analgesia, n (%) | 39 (66) | 65 (81) | 0.042 | 104 (75) | |
Intraoperative opioids, MED | 2.1 ± 2.1 | 2.1 ± 1.8 | 0 (− 0.7, 0.7) | 0.768 | 2.1 ± 1.9 |
Estimated blood loss, ml/kg | 13 ± 19 | 16 ± 26 | − 3 (− 11, 4) | 0.401 | 15 ± 24 |
Transfusions | |||||
Crystalloid, ml/kg | 54 ± 41 | 67 ± 40 | − 13 (− 27, 1) | 0.059 | 61 ± 41 |
Colloid, ml/kg | 20 ± 21 | 29 ± 22 | − 9 (− 16, − 2) | 0.013 | 25 ± 22 |
Blood/blood products, n (%) | 28 (48) | 52 (65) | 0.039 | 80 (58) | |
Postop hemoglobin, mg/dL | 11.2 ± 1.8 | 11.3 ± 1.7 | − 0.1 (− 0.7, 0.5) | 0.720 | 11.2 ± 1.8 |
Pain score postop day 1 | 1.6 ± 1.7 | 1.9 ± 1.8 | − 0.3 (− 0.9, 0.3) | 0.398 | 1.8 ± 1.8 |
High-grade complications, n (%) | 10 (17) | 10 (13) | 0.460 | 20 (14) | |
Length of stay, days | 12.6 ± 14.5 | 12.3 ± 7.1 | 0.3 (− 3.8, 4.4) | 0.878 | 12 ± 11 |
S30-day readmissions, n (%) | 8 (14) | 14 (18) | 0.529 | 22 (16) | |