Table 4 Postoperative data
From: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program for lumbar spine fusion
Pre-ERAS (n = 123) | Post-ERAS (n = 96) | *p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
PACU temperature on arrival | 35.8 (5.1) | 36.5 (0.4) | 0.4443 |
Antiemetic given in PACU | 49 (39.8%) | 23 (24.0%) | 0.0125 |
Methocarbamol 1500 mg given in PACU | 54 (43.9%) | 59 (61.5%) | 0.0137 |
NPRS before PACU discharge | 50.0 (22.3) | 43.7 (23.9) | 0.0925 |
Total patients with PCA | 115 (93.5%) | 91 (94.8%) | 0.7803 |
• Morphine, # (% of total PCA) | 56 (45.5%) | 38 (39.6%) | 0.4209 |
• Hydromorphone, # (% of total PCA) | 55 (44.7%) | 51 (53.1%) | 0.2236 |
• Fentanyl, # (% of total PCA) | 5 (4.1%) | 2 (2.1%) | 0.4634 |
PCA duration≥ 24 h | 9 (7.3%) | 0.0116 | |
Urinary catheter duration ≥ 24 h | 42 (34.1%) | 30 (31.3%) | 0.6565 |
Day of surgery medications given | |||
• NSAIDs | 4 (3.3%) | 10 (10.4%) | 0.0533 |
• Opioids, short-acting (immediate-release) | 123 (100.0%) | 95 (99.0%) | 0.4343 |
• Opioids, long-acting (extended-release, e.g., OxyContin, MSContin, Methadone) | 6 (4.9%) | 0.0345 | |
• Anticonvulsants | 22 (17.9%) | 55 (57.3%) | <.0001 |
• Antidepressants | 8 (6.5%) | 5 (5.2%) | 0.7788 |
• Benzodiazepines | 19 (15.4%) | 16 (16.7%) | 0.8518 |
• Muscle relaxants | 97 (78.9%) | 83 (86.5%) | 0.1603 |
• Acetaminophen | 62 (50.4%) | 45 (46.9%) | 0.6868 |
Postoperative day #1 NPRS pain scores | |||
• Minimum pain score | 10.8 (16.0) | 15.3 (17.0) | 0.0249 |
• Maximum pain score | 75.0 (19.4) | 75.8 (18.4) | 0.791 |
Postoperative day #1 medications given | |||
• NSAIDs | 6 (4.9%) | 11 (11.5%) | 0.0777 |
• Opioids, short-acting (immediate-release) | 119 (96.7%) | 92 (95.8%) | 1.0000 |
• Opioids, long-acting (extended-release, e.g., OxyContin, MSContin, Methadone) | 23 (18.7%) | 5 (5.2%) | 0.0028 |
• Anticonvulsants | 30 (24.4%) | 71 (74.0%) | <.0001 |
• Antidepressants | 20 (16.3%) | 10 (10.4%) | 0.2312 |
• Benzodiazepines | 35 (28.5%) | 33 (34.4%) | 0.3779 |
• Muscle relaxants | 113 (91.9%) | 87 (90.6%) | 0.8096 |
• Acetaminophen | 98 (79.7%) | 86 (89.6%) | 0.0620 |
Postoperative day #2 NPRS pain scores | |||
• Minimum pain score | 6.9 (12.1) | 15.3 (18.9) | 0.0003 |
• Maximum pain score | 73.5 (18.9) | 74.8 (19.7) | 0.5559 |
Postoperative day #2 medications given (for patients not yet discharged) | |||
• NSAIDs | 7 (5.7%) | 9 (9.4%) | 0.4352 |
• Opioids, short-acting (immediate-release) | 111 (90.2%) | 83 (86.5%) | 0.4063 |
• Opioids, long acting (extended-release, e.g., OxyContin, MSContin, Methadone) | 28 (22.8%) | 5 (5.2%) | 0.0002 |
• Anticonvulsants | 30 (24.4%) | 66 (68.8%) | <.0001 |
• Antidepressants | 22 (17.9%) | 10 (10.4%) | 0.1311 |
• Benzodiazepines | 34 (27.6%) | 29 (30.2%) | 0.7643 |
• Muscle relaxants | 112 (91.1%) | 86 (89.6%) | 0.8108 |
• Acetaminophen | 94 (76.4%) | 82 (85.4%) | 0.1236 |
Postoperative day #3 NPRS pain scores | |||
• Minimum pain score | 8.9 (14.0) | 15.6 (19.1) | 0.0158 |
• Maximum pain score | 69.1 (22.6) | 68.0 (21.4) | 0.499 |
Postoperative day #3 medications given (for patients not yet discharged) | |||
• NSAIDs | 7 (5.7%) | 7 (7.3%) | 0.7846 |
• Opioids, short-acting (immediate-release) | 91 (74.0%) | 65 (67.7%) | 0.3713 |
• Opioids, long-acting (extended-release, e.g., OxyContin, MSContin, Methadone) | 22 (17.9%) | 4 (4.2%) | 0.0020 |
• Anticonvulsants | 29 (23.6%) | 52 (54.2%) | 0.0001 |
• Antidepressants | 16 (13.0%) | 6 (6.3%) | 0.1114 |
• Benzodiazepines | 24 (19.5%) | 18 (18.8%) | 1.0000 |
• Muscle relaxants | 97 (78.9%) | 66 (68.8%) | 0.1208 |
• Acetaminophen | 63 (51.2%) | 54 (56.3%) | 0.4919 |
Postoperative day patient out of bed | 2.2 (0.4) | 2.3 (0.6) | 0.4102 |
Postoperative day patient seen by PT | 2.2 (0.4) | 2.2 (0.5) | 0.6943 |
Postoperative complications | |||
• Reintubation | 2 (1.6%) | 1 (1.0%) | 1.0000 |
• MI | |||
• Death | |||
• Rapid response | 2 (2.1%) | 0.1928 | |
• Other | 4 (4.2%) | 0.0355 | |
Length of stay (hours) | 96.2 (32.0) | 92.3 (36.9) | 0.1372 |