Table 1 Descriptive statistics (N, %) for the total sample and those with and without three or more opioid prescriptions (p value compares these two groups)
Variable | Total sample (N = 1642) | Individuals with 3 or more prescriptions for opioids (N = 580) | Individuals with less than 3 or no prescriptions for opioids (N = 1062) | P value | Individuals still receiving opioid prescriptions after 1 year (N = 755) | Individuals not receiving opioid prescriptions after 1 year (N = 887) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (SD) | 32.45 (8.18) | 31.37 (7.74) | 32.85 (8.39) | < 0.01* | 32.9 (8.5) | 31.9 (7.8) | < 0.01* |
Sex—female | 754 (45.9) | 298 (51.4) | 456 (42.9) | < 0.01* | 388 (51.4) | 366 (41.3) | < 0.01* |
Active duty family (service or family member | 1108 (67.5) | 387 (66.7) | 721 (67.9) | 0.63 | 523 (69.3) | 585 (66.0) | 0.15 |
Service | |||||||
 Army | 783 (47.7) | 290 (50.0) | 435 (41.0) | < 0.01* | 351 (46.5) | 374 (42.3) | 0.29 |
 Coast Guard | 29 (1.8) | 7 (1.2) | 22 (2.1) | 11 (1.5) | 18 (2.0) | ||
 Air Force | 448 (27.3) | 134 (23.1) | 280 (26.4) | 187 (24.8) | 227 (25.6) | ||
 Marine Corps | 214 (13.0) | 65 (11.2) | 129 (12.1) | 83 (11.0) | 111 (12.5) | ||
 Navy | 288 (17.5) | 84 (14.5) | 187 (17.6) | 122 (16.2) | 149 (16.8) | ||
 Other | 8 (0.5) | 0 | 7 (0.5) | 1 | 6 (0.5) | ||
Socioeconomic status | < 0.01* |  | < 0.01* | ||||
 Junior enlisted | 390 (23.8) | 182 (31.4) | 208 (19.6) | 202 (26.8) | 188 (21.2) | ||
 Senior enlisted | 842 (51.3) | 305 (52.6) | 537 (50.7) | 418 (55.4) | 424 (47.8) | ||
 Junior officer | 200 (12.2) | 54 (9.3) | 146 (13.7) | 71 (9.4) | 129 (14.5) | ||
 Senior officer | 192 (11.7) | 39 (6.7) | 153 (14.4) | 64 (8.5) | 128 (14.4) | ||
 Unknown | 18 (1.1) | 0 | 18 (1.7) | 0 | 18 (2.0) | ||
Military hospital [versus civilian] | 837 (51.0) | 293 (50.5) | 544 (51.2) | 0.78 | 373 (49.4) | 464 (52.3) | 0.24 |
Total medical care within 2Â years after surgery (SD) | |||||||
 Mean medical visits | 80.94 (67.13) | 119.58 (86.50) | 59.83 (40.31) | < 0.01* | 105.1 (80.0) | 60.4 (44.6) | < 0.01* |
 Mean medical costs | $25,380 ($24,604) | $36,199 ($32,372) | $19,471 ($16,292) | < 0.01* | $32,140 ($28,778) | $19,626 ($18,555) | < 0.01* |
 Mean hip-related medical visits | 24.41 (22.31) | 32.42 (28.31) | 20.04 (17.56) | < 0.01* | 29.0 (25.7) | 20.5 (18.1) | < 0.01* |
 Mean hip-related medical costs | $13,185 ($14,187) | $15,665 ($16,119) | $11,831 ($12,819) | < 0.01* | $14,546 ($15,639) | $12,027 ($12,717) | < 0.01* |
Individuals with a prescription prior to surgery | 662 (40.3) | 294 (50.7) | 368 (34.7) | < 0.01* | 399 (52.8) | 416 (46.9) | 0.02* |
Opioid prescription use after (SD) | |||||||
 Mean unique prescriptions | 5.0 (9.1) | 10.3 (12.8) | 1.5 (0.9) | < 0.01* | 8.4 (12.1) | 1.6 (18.1) | < 0.01* |
 Median unique prescriptions | 2.0 | 6.0 | 1.0 | < 0.01* | 5.0 | 1.0 | < 0.01* |
 Mean total days’ supply | 43.0 (137.1) | 93.7 (208.2) | 10.1 (12.2) | < 0.01* | 76.3 (189.8) | 10.3 (18.1) | < 0.01* |
 Median total days’ supply | 10.0 | 35.0 | 7.0 | < 0.01* | 23.0 | 5.0 | < 0.01* |