Table 3 Postoperative morbidity and mortality, length of hospital stay, and total hospital costs
From: Clinical and economic impact of goal-directed fluid therapy during elective gastrointestinal surgery
|  | GDFT (n = 201) | Traditional (n = 200) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Cardiovascular complications | 4 (2.0) | 3 (1.5) | 0.708 |
 Cardiac arrest (exclusive of death, n, %) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
 Myocardial infarction (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) | 0.315 |
 Acute cardiac failure (%) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (1.0) | 0.559 |
 Stroke (%) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 0.318 |
 Pulmonary embolism (%) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 0.318 |
 Deep venous thrombosis (%) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 0.318 |
Infectious complications | 61 (30.3) | 70 (35.0) | 0.321 |
 Pneumonia (%) | 34 (16.9) | 48 (24.0) | 0.079 |
 Wound infection (%) | 23 (11.4) | 17 (8.5) | 0.325 |
 Urinary tract infection (%) | 3 (1.5) | 4 (2.0) | 0.698 |
 Sepsis (%) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 0.997 |
Gastrointestinal complications | 12 (6.0) | 15 (7.5) | 0.541 |
 Ileus (%) | 6 (3.0) | 3 (1.5) | 0.315 |
 Anastomotic fistula (%) | 6 (3.0) | 9 (4.5) | 0.424 |
 Gastrointestinal bleeding (%) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.5) | 0.081 |
Respiratory complications | 2 (1.0) | 1 (0.5) | 0.565 |
 Acute respiratory failure (%) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 0.997 |
 Unplanned reintubation (%) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 0.318 |
Other complications | 11 | 17 | 0.234 |
 Acute renal injury (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
 Hepatic dysfunction (%) | 7 (3.5) | 12 (6.0) | 0.235 |
 Wound dehiscence (%) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 0.318 |
 Unplanned reoperation (%) | 3 (1.5) | 5 (2.5) | 0.471 |
Patients with one or more complications (%) | 62 (30.8) | 88 (44.0) | 0.006 |
Readmission within postoperative 30Â days (%) | 5 (2.5) | 9 (4.5) | 0.430 |
Mortality within postoperative 30Â days (%) | 2 (1.0) | 1 (0.5) | 0.565 |
Postoperative length of hospital (median (IQR), day) | 10 (8–14) | 10 (8–13) | 0.104 |
Total hospital cost (mean ± SD, RMB) | 76,793 ± 26,522 | 74,444 ± 32,705 | 0.430 |
Total hospital cost (mean ± SD, $US*) | 11,820 ± 4082 | 11,458 ± 5034 |  |