Fig. 5From: Fluid resuscitation practices in cardiac surgery patients in the USA: a survey of health care providersFirst choice of IV fluid for volume expansion during ECMO or VADa (scenario 4, n = 124). ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; HES, hydroxyethyl starch; IV, intravenous; VAD, ventricular assist device. aResponses to the following question: Which of the following is your first choice for a patient who needs volume expansion during ECMO or VAD? bResponse was only available to perfusionistsBack to article page