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Fig. 1 | Perioperative Medicine

Fig. 1

From: Primum Non Nocere: is shared decision-making the answer?

Fig. 1

Reproduced from Ankuda et al. 2014. Conceptual model: measuring the quality of preoperative decision-making. ACP advance care plan. Structure: Data was collected exploring if there was sufficient grasp of the options, risks and benefits and if elements of informed consent were met. Process: Data collected on the process of decision-making, specifically elements of decisional conflict such as wanting to talk more about their decision, or wanting further time and information. Patients were also asked if they had discussed end of life wishes with anyone. Outcome: Positive outcomes of decision-making. The authors noted the ideal outcome is the decision is consistent with the patient’s goals; however, this was difficult to measure directly so a validated tool for decisional conflict was used as a surrogate. A positive outcome of end of life discussions was measured by the presence of an advanced directive

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