Table 4 Selected factors and adjusted odds ratios for postoperative pulmonary complications

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

16.77 (2.56–109.88)

0.003

Cancer operation

5.13 (0.41–62.5)

0.205

Nasogastric tube

2.15 (0.33–4.01)

0.411

Duration of surgery

1.01 (1.00–1.02)

0.007

Elective critical care admission

4.45 (0.45–43.75)

0.200

 Epidural

Reference

 Patient controlled analgesia

0.83 (0.05–15.26)

0.898

 Wound catheter

3.05 (0.40–22.98)

0.279

 Oral analgesia only

2.56 (0.23–10.54)

0.636

Change in analgesia strategy in the first 24 h

0.24 (0.02–2.70)

0.247

Incentive spirometer

2.93 (0.12–23.83)

0.782