Table 1 General demographics
From: Postoperative pulmonary complications following major elective abdominal surgery: a cohort study
n | 268 |
|---|---|
Age (years, IQR) | 66 (53–75) |
Male | 166 (61.9) |
Body mass index (kilograms/metres2, IQR) | 27.3 (24.0–31.2) |
American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system | |
1 | 32 (11.9) |
2 | 112 (41.8) |
3 | 71 (26.5) |
4 | 7 (2.6) |
Unknown | 46 (17.2) |
Current smoker | 42 (15.7) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 30 (11.2) |
Previous cerebrovascular accident | 23 (8.6) |
Urea (milligrams per decilitre, IQR) | 5.4 (4.5–7.0) |
Proton pump inhibitor | 89 (33.2) |
Steroids | 16 (6.0) |
Cancer operation | 83 (31.0) |
Type of operation | |
Gastric | 28 (10.4) |
Hepatobiliary/pancreatic | 19 (7.1) |
Small bowel | 13 (4.9) |
Colorectal | 76 (28.4) |
Urological | 57 (21.3) |
Vascular | 62 (23.1) |
Other | 13 (4.9) |
Perioperative antibiotics | 226 (84.3) |
Type of intubation | |
Laryngeal mask airway | 60 (22.4) |
Cuffed/uncuffed endotracheal tube | 207 (77.2) |
Unknown | 1 (0.4) |
Method of operation | |
Laparoscopic | 77 (28.7) |
Laparoscopic-assisted | 6 (2.2) |
Laparoscopic converted to open | 8 (3.0) |
Open | 169 (63.1) |
Endovascular | 8 (3.0) |
Bowel resection | 74 (27.6) |
Nasogastric tube | 9 (3.4) |
Duration of surgery (minutes, IQR) | 145 (87–210) |
Elective critical care admission | 52 (19.4) |
Analgesia use in the first 24 h | |
Epidural | 40 (14.9) |
Patient controlled analgesia | 50 (18.7) |
Wound catheter | 2 (0.7) |
Oral analgesia only | 173 (64.6) |
Unknown | 3 (1.1) |
Change in analgesia strategy in the first 24 h | 171 (63.8) |
Incentive spirometer | 3 (1.1) |