Figure 3
From: Perioperative fluid therapy: a statement from the international Fluid Optimization Group
A rational approach to intraoperative monitoring. A useful approach for assessing the needed level of hemodynamic monitoring based on the patient status, surgical risk, and clinical management requirements (what are my management needs?). NIBP, noninvasive blood pressure; ECG, electrocardiogram; A-line, arterial catheterization; NICP, noninvasive continuous pressure; CVC, central venous catheter; ECHO, transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography; PAC, pulmonary artery catheter; ScVO2, central venous oxygen saturation; MVO2, mixed venous oxygen saturation; PCA, pulse contour analysis; BioImp, bioimpedance or bioreactance.