Less invasive methods of advanced hemodynamic monitoring: principles, devices, and their role in the perioperative hemodynamic optimization

Table 1 Overview and classification of minimally invasive CO monitors

Modality	Available devices	Requirements	Additional values
Pulse pressure analysis
-Uncalibrated devices	Flo/Trac-Vigileo	Standard arterial line	GEDV, EVLW
	Pulsioflex	Standard arterial line
	LidCO rapid	Standard arterial line
-Calibrated devices	LidCO plus	Standard arterial line
	PiCCOplus	Standard arterial line
		Central venous line
	Volumeview	Standard arterial line
		Central venous line	GEDV, EVLW, GEF
Doppler
-Transesophageal	CardioQ/CardioQ-OCM	Transesophageal probe	FTc
-Transthoracic	USCOM	Transthoracic probe	FTc
Echocardiography	ClariTEE	Miniaturized transesophageal probe
Gas rebreathing	NICO	Disposable rebreathing circuit
Bioimpedance/ Bioreactance
-Thoracic electrical bioimpedance
- Bioreactance	BioZ	Specific electrodes
- Bioreactance	NICOM	Specific electrodes
Non-invasive monitors
	Nexfin	Finger probe	Hb
	Masimo	Specific pulse oximeter	PVI
	esCCO	ECG/ specific pulse oximeter	PWTT

ISSN: 2047-0525