Table 3 Pros and cons of (unbalanced) crystalloid fluids leading to under- or over-resuscitation in clinical practice
From: Dose and type of crystalloid fluid therapy in adult hospitalized patients
| Too little | Too much |
|---|---|
| Tissue hypoxygenation | Tissue edema and hypoxygenation |
| Risk for acute kidney injury | Compartment syndromes and renal dysfunction |
| Lactate and unmeasured anion acidosis | Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and risk forhypernatremia |
| Gastrointestinal disturbances | Anastomotic leakage; diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disturbances |
| Pulmonary edema; hepatic congestion and injury | |
| Prolonged mechanical ventilation |