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Table 3 Summary of causes of AKI defined etiologically

From: Perioperative acute kidney injury

Pre-renal

Intrinsic renal disease

Post-renal

Hypovolemia, for example, hemorrhage, diarrhea, vomiting

Ischemia from prolonged hypoperfusion

Obstructive causes, for example, prostatic hypertrophy, renal stones, urethral strictures, pelvic masses

Hypotension, for example, sepsis

Glomerular disease, for example, glomerulonephritis, TTP, DIC

Low cardiac output state, for example, CCF, cardiac tamponade

Nephrotoxins, for example, aminoglycosides, NSAIDs, radiological contrast

Impaired renal autoregulation, for example, renal artery stenosis, ACEi/ARB/NSAIDs

Metabolic abnormalities, for example, hypercalcemia

Rhabdomyolysis, for example, crush injuries, burns

  1. ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin recreptor blocker; CCF, congestive cardiac failure; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; TTP, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
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Perioperative Medicine

ISSN: 2047-0525